Toxicological profiles - Diisopropyl methylphosphonate

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 11
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 5
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 7
PEER REVIEW......Page 9
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 15
LIST OF TABLES......Page 17
1.1 WHAT IS DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE?......Page 19
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE WHEN IT ENTERS THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 20
1.4 HOW CAN DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 21
1.5 HOW CAN DIISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 22
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 23
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 24
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 27
2.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 29
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 42
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 46
2.2.2.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 55
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 56
2.2.2.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 58
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 60
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 61
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 64
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 65
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 66
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 67
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 68
2.3.2.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 69
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 70
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 71
2.3.4.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 72
2.3.5 Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK)/Pharmacodynamic (PD) Models......Page 73
2.4.1 Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms......Page 75
2.4.2 Mechanisms of Toxicity......Page 78
2.5 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 79
Minimal Risk Levels for Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate......Page 80
Death......Page 82
Systemic Effects......Page 84
2.6 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 95
2.6.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate......Page 98
2.8 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 99
2.9.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 100
2.10 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 101
2.10.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate......Page 102
2.10.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 103
Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect......Page 107
2.10.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 109
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 110
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 114
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 115
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 118
5.2.2 Water......Page 120
5.2.3 Soil......Page 121
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 122
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 123
5.4.2 Water......Page 124
5.4.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 125
5.7 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 126
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 127
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 129
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 130
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 131
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 138
6.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 139
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 141
8. REFERENCES......Page 145
Malformations......Page 155
Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL)......Page 156
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 157
ATSDR MINIMAL RISK LEVEL......Page 159
MINIMAL RISK LEVEL WORKSHEET......Page 161
USER'S GUIDE......Page 165
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 173