Toxicological profiles - Carbon tetrachloride

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CARBON TETRACHLORIDE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 2
DISCLAIMER......Page 7
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 8
FOREWORD......Page 9
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 10
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 0
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE WHEN IT ENTERS THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 12
1.4 HOW CAN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 13
1.5 HOW CAN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 14
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 15
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 16
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 17
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 18
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 33
2.2.1.6 Developmental Effects......Page 34
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 35
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 36
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 55
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 56
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 57
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 58
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 60
2.2.3.6 Developmental Effects......Page 63
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 64
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 65
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 66
2.3.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 70
2.3.4.4 Other Exposure......Page 71
2.3.5 Mechanisms of Action......Page 72
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 75
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride......Page 86
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride......Page 87
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 88
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 92
2.8.2 Reducing Body Burden......Page 94
2.9 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 95
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Carbon Tetrachloride......Page 96
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 98
2.9.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 102
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 109
4.2 IMPORT/EXPORT......Page 112
4.3 USE......Page 113
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 116
5.2.1 Air......Page 117
5.2.2 Water......Page 118
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 121
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 122
5.4.1 Air......Page 123
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 124
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 125
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 126
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 128
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 129
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 130
6.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 137
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 138
8. REFERENCES......Page 146
Immunologic Toxicity......Page 191
q1*......Page 192
Uncertainty Factor......Page 193
User’s Guide......Page 194
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 199