Toxicological profiles - Acetone

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR ACETONE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1.1 WHAT IS ACETONE?......Page 13
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO ACETONE?......Page 14
1.5 HOW CAN ACETONE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 15
1.6 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO ACETONE?......Page 17
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 18
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 19
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 20
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 37
2.2.1.6 Developmental Effects......Page 39
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 40
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 41
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 59
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 60
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 61
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 69
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 70
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 71
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 73
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 75
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 76
2.3.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 77
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 78
2.3.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 83
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 85
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 87
2.3.5 Mechanism of Action......Page 88
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 89
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 113
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Acetone......Page 114
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by Acetone......Page 119
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES......Page 120
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 131
2.8.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 132
2.8.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 133
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Acetone......Page 134
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 136
2.9.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 146
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 147
4.2 IMPORT/EXPORT......Page 151
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 157
5.2.1 Air......Page 160
5.2.2 Water......Page 161
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 165
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 166
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 167
5.4.1 Air......Page 168
5.4.2 Water......Page 169
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 172
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 173
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 177
6. ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 179
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 180
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 183
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 187
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 188
8. REFERENCES......Page 192
In Vitro......Page 225
q1*......Page 226
Uncertainty Factor......Page 227
User s Guide......Page 228
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 233