Toxicological profiles - 1,3-dinitrobenzene 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR 1,3-DINITROBENZENE/1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PEER REVIEW......Page 6
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT......Page 13
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO 1,3-DNB OR 1,3,5-TNB?......Page 14
1.6 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO 1,3- DNB OR 1,3,5- TNB?......Page 15
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 16
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 17
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 18
2.2.1.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 19
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 20
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 21
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 34
2.2.2.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 35
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 36
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 37
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 39
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 40
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 41
2.3.3.2 Oral Exposure......Page 42
2.3.3.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 43
2.3.4.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 45
2.3.5 Mechanisms of Action......Page 46
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 47
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to 1,3-DNB and 1,3,5-TNB......Page 57
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by 1,3-DNB and 1,3,5-TNB......Page 58
2.8 METHODS FOR REDUCING TOXIC EFFECTS......Page 59
2.8.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 60
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of 1,3-DNB and 1,3,5-TNB......Page 61
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 64
2.9.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 68
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 70
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 74
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 76
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 77
5.2.2 Water......Page 79
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 81
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 82
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 83
5.4.2 Water......Page 84
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 85
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 86
6.ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 88
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 89
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 93
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 99
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 101
8. REFERENCES......Page 112
Cancer Effect Level (CEL)......Page 127
Lethal Time(50) (LT50)......Page 128
Reproductive Toxicity......Page 129
User s Guide......Page 130
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 136