Toxicological profiles - 1,1-dichloroethene

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR 1,1-DICHLOROETHENE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PEER REVIEW......Page 6
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1.1 WHAT IS 1,1-DICHLOROETHENE?......Page 13
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO 1,1-DICHLOROETHENE?......Page 14
1.5 HOW CAN 1,1-DICHLOROETHENE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 15
1.6 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO 1,1-DICHLOROETHENE?......Page 16
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 17
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 18
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 19
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 20
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 38
2.2.1.6 Developmental Effects......Page 39
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 40
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 43
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 44
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 53
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 54
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 55
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 56
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 57
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 58
2.3.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 59
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 60
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 65
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 66
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 67
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 80
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to 1,1-Dichloroethene......Page 81
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 82
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 83
2.8.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 85
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of 1,1-Dichloroethene......Page 86
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 88
3.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY......Page 92
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 93
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 0
4.3 USE......Page 99
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 100
5.2.2 Water......Page 104
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 105
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 106
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 107
5.4.2 Water......Page 108
5.4.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 109
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 110
5.7 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 111
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 112
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 113
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 114
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 118
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 122
6.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 123
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 124
8. REFERENCES......Page 130
Cancer Effect Level (CEL)......Page 152
Lethal Time(50) (LT50)......Page 153
Reference Dose (RfD)......Page 154
User's Guide......Page 155
APPENDIX B......Page 161
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 160