Towards Sustainable Land Use

Foreword
Acknowledgements
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Executive Summary
	Key Findings
		Coherence across relevant national strategies and plans
		Institutional co-ordination and coherence
		Policy instruments relevant to the land-use nexus
1 Towards sustainable land use: key issues, interactions and trade-offs in the land-use nexus
	Multiple interlinked challenges and the need for coherent and co-ordinated action
	Biophysical interactions and their implications
	The economics of optimal land use
	International trade
	The need for coherent frameworks
	Key findings of the report
	References
	Notes
2 Data and trends relevant to sustainable land use
	Land cover and ecosystems
	Greenhouse gas emissions
	Food systems
	International Trade
	References
		Annex 2.A. Land-cover change in France, Ireland, Mexico and New Zealand
	Notes
3 Coherence across national strategies and plans for sustainable land use
	The role of multilateral agreements in guiding national strategies
		Other relevant agreements and fora
	Coherence across key national strategies and action plans relevant to the nexus
		GHG mitigation targets in the NDCs and LEDS and the inclusion of land-use nexus issues
			Inclusion of land-use nexus issues in the NBSAPs
			Inclusion of land-use nexus issues in agricultural development plans
			Inclusion of land-use nexus issues in national development plans (or similar strategies)
			Looking beyond national jurisdictional boundaries: Consideration of land-use nexus issues in trade policy
	References
	Notes
4 Institutional co-ordination and coherence for sustainable land use
	The need for strong institutional co-ordination in the land-use nexus
	Level of horizontal co-ordination in domestic policy development
		Influence of multilateral agreements or actions on institutions
	Level of vertical co-ordination in domestic policy development
	International trade and co-ordination with non-state actors
	References
	Notes
5 Policy instruments relevant to sustainable land use
	The need for coherent policy frameworks and instruments
		Clearly-defined land tenure is an important cross-cutting prerequisite for effective policy
		Ecosystem service valuation approaches can inform land-use decisions
	Regulatory (command-and-control) instruments
		Land-use planning
		Protected areas
		Moratoriums and other land use restrictions
		Standards and restrictions
		Environmental provisions in trade agreements and other trade policy measures
		Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA)
			EIA
			SEA
	Economic instruments
		Environmentally-relevant taxes
			Pesticide and Fertiliser Taxes
			Carbon Taxes
		Emissions trading schemes
		Biodiversity offsets
		Payments for ecosystem services, including REDD+
			Payment for ecosystem services
			Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+)
		Government support to land use
			Agricultural support
			Environmentally related agricultural support
			Forestry support
			Biofuels and other
		Land reform
		Intergovernmental Fiscal transfers
	Information, voluntary and other approaches
		Life cycle assessment approaches
		Mandatory and Voluntary certification
		Agricultural information and knowledge transfer schemes
	Reducing food loss and waste (FLW)
		General approaches
		Case study examples
	References
	Notes