Towards Sustainable Chemical Processes: Applications of Sustainability Assessment and Analysis, Design and Optimization, and Hybridization and Modularization

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Towards Sustainable
Chemical Processes:
Applications of Sustainability
Assessment and Analysis, Design and
Optimization, and Hybridization and
Modularization
Copyright
Contributors
Part 1: Sustainability assessment and analysis
Sustainability assessment for chemical product and process design during early design stages
	Introduction
	Framework for the sustainability assessment of chemical products and processes at early design stages
		Problem definition
		Assessment of alternatives
			Selection of indicators
			Calculation of indicators
		Integration of assessments
			Calculation of weights of Indicator groups using AHP
			Ranking of alternatives using PROMETHEE
	Application of the methodology to the case studies
		Selection of the chemical process route to produce glyceryl monostearate
			Problem definition
			Assessment of alternatives
			Integration of assessments
		Selection of the most sustainable alternative of a formulated product
			Problem definition
			Assessment of alternatives
			Integration of assessments
	Conclusions
	References
	Further reading
Optimization and decision-making methods in realization of tri-generation systems
	Introduction
	Design methods
		Maximum rectangle method
		Energy management sizing method
		Thermodynamic sizing method
		Thermo-economic sizing method
		Multicriteria sizing method
		Fitness function method
	Evaluation criteria
	Optimization methods
		Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)
		Mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP)
		Stochastic optimization
		Genetic algorithm
		Particle swarm optimization (PSO)
		Multiobjective optimization
	Decision-making methods
		Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
		Elementary methods
		Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM)
		Sensitivity and risk analysis
	References
	Further reading
Techno-economic assessment of an integrated bio-oil steam reforming and hydrodeoxygenation system for polyge
	Introduction
	Methodology
		Process modeling
		Energy integration
		Economic analysis
			Capital cost
			Operating cost
			Profitability analysis
	Process modeling and integration of the BOSR-HDO system
		System definition
		Model component of bio-oil
		Process description
			Steam reforming of the aqueous fraction of bio-oil
			HDO of the lignin fraction of bio-oil
		Sensitivity analysis
			Sensitivity analysis of steam reforming reaction
			Sensitivity analysis of water-gas shift reaction
		Heat integration and utility system design
			Data extraction, screening, and classification
			Composite curve analysis
			CHP network design
			Heat exchanger network design
			Heat and power balance
		Economic analysis
			Capital cost
			Operating cost
			Value of products
			Profitability analysis
	Discussion
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Risk and resilience analysis of integrated biorefineries using input-output modeling
	Introduction
	Problem statement
	Methodology
		Baseline state of the IBR
		Criticality analysis
		Resilience analysis
	Case study: IBR
	Conclusions
	Acknowledgment
	References
Advanced integrated systems for hydrogen production and storage from low-rank fuels
	Introduction
	Hydrogen: Properties and characteristics
	Hydrogen production from low-rank fuels
		Low-rank coal
		Biomass conversion into hydrogen
			Black liquor
			Empty fruit bunch
	Hydrogen storage
		Potential hydrogen storages and their comparison
			Liquid hydrogen
			Toluene-MCH as LOHC
			Ammonia
			Cost analysis
		Power-to-gas
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Part 2: Sustainability design and optimization
Energy system optimization under uncertainties: A comprehensive review
	Introduction
	Literature review
		Energy system models
		Energy system optimization models
	Energy system optimization methodologies under uncertainties
		Stochastic programming
		Robust optimization
		Hybrid model
		Summary
	Optimization of different energy systems under uncertainty
		Distributed energy systems
		Electric power systems
	Conclusion
	References
Sustainable utilization of low-grade heat: Modeling and case study
	Introduction
	Absorption refrigeration cycle
		Model of the absorption refrigeration cycle
		System performance under different heat source temperatures with a fixed evaporator temperature of 5C
		Optimal heat source temperatures at different evaporator temperatures
	Organic Rankine cycles and Kalina cycles
		Simulation models of ORC and KC
		Evaluation parameters for energy performance
		Power recovery from three kinds of waste heat
			Classification of waste heat
			Power recovery for straight waste heat
			Power recovery for convex waste heat
		Power recovery for concave waste heat
	Conclusions
	References
Sustainable design of industrial complex: Industrial area-wide layout optimization
	Introduction
	Methodology
		Artificial method
			Material flow pipelines
			Steam pipelines
			All pipelines
		Programming method
			Problem statement
				Assumption
				Given
				Determine
			Mathematical formulation
				Pipe cost
				Pressure loss cost
				Heat loss cost
				Cost of explosion damage
				Damage cost of toxic gas leak
			Optimization algorithms
	Case studies
		Artificial method
			Case description
			Basic data acquisition
				Plant Data
				Material flow data
				Steam flow data
		Programming method
			Case description
			Basic data acquisition
				Plant data
				Material flow data
				Steam flow data
				Risk model data
	Results and discussion
		Artificial method
		Programming method
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Sustainable design of cooling water system
	Introduction
	Problem statement
	Model formulation
		Series-parallel superstructure model for cooler network
		Pump network formulation
			Minimum pressure head requirement of coolers
			Multiloop pump network
			Main-auxiliary pump network
		Pipe network formulation
		Cooling tower formulation
		Air cooler formulation
	Objective function and solution technique
	Case studies: Without air cooler
		Single-plant scenario
		Multiplants scenario
	Case study: With air coolers
		Cooling water system in Xian
		Cooling water system in Nanchang
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Pinch analysis for sustainable process design and integration
	Introduction
	Pinch analysis
		Example 10.1 Design of heat exchanger network
	Water pinch analysis
		Example 10.2 Design of water network based on water pinch analysis
		Example 10.3 Design of water network based on water cascade analysis
	Carbon emission pinch analysis
		Example 10.4 CEPA for regional energy planning
	Other applications of pinch analysis
	Conclusions
	References
Model-based synthesis and Monte Carlo simulation of biochar-based carbon management networks
	Introduction
	Methodology for assessing the robustness of BCMNs
		Formal problem statement
		Mathematical model formulation
		Generation of near-optimal solutions via integer-cut constraints
		Testing the robustness of BCMNs via MCS
	Illustrative case study
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Part 3: Sustainable manufacturing via hybridization and modularization
Frontiers of sustainable manufacturing: Hybridization and modularization
	Introduction
	Hybrid energy processes
		Multifeed input structure
		Multiproduct output structure
	Modular chemical production processes
	Conventional evaluation and optimization methods
		Techno-economic evaluation
	Model-based simulation and optimization
	Sustainability assessment and optimization
	Future challenges and opportunities
		Hybrid energy processes
		Modular chemical production processes
	References
Hybrid processes for sustainable liquids production from lignite, natural gas, and biomass
	Introduction
	Lignite conversion and hybridization opportunity
	Hybrid processes description
	Life cycle multiindicator optimization
		Primary exergy saving ratio
		Primary total overnight cost saving ratio
		Life cycle waste emissions avoidance ratio
		Primary levelized cost saving ratio
	Illustrative example
	Conclusions
	References
Hybrid processes for sustainable chemicals production from shale gas and ethanol
	Introduction
	Shale gas conversion and hybridization opportunity
	Hybrid process description
	Life cycle bi-objective optimization
		General optimization framework
		Energy integration model
		LCO model
	Illustrative example
	Conclusions
	References
Modular fuels/chemical production from shale gas
	Introduction
	Technologies for modular fuels/chemicals production from shale gas
		Modular LNG production from shale gas
		Shale gas liquefaction
		Modular LNG production technologies
		Modular liquids production from shale gas
		Shale gas to methanol
		Modular methanol production technologies
		Shale gas to synthetic fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
		Modular liquid fuels production technologies
	Modeling, analysis, and optimization of modular fuels/chemicals production systems
		Techno-economic analysis of modular fuels/chemicals production
		Small-scale modular production versus large-scale production
		Modular methanol production from shale gas
		Modeling and optimization of modular production systems
	Pros and cons of modular production
		Pros of modular production
		Cons of modular production
	Discussion and future directions
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Author Index
Subject Index
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