Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management: Challenges and Prospects

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I: Sustainable Products
	Ecodesign as a New Lever to Enhance the Global Value Proposition: From Space to Corporate
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Principles of Responsibility Driving Stronger Environmental Commitments
			1.2 From a Commitment to an Effective Implementation?
			1.3 Challenges Related to Constrained Engineering Environments
		2 Retrospective Analysis of the GreenSat Project
			2.1 Objective and Methodological Approach
			2.2 Introduction to the GreenSat Project
			2.3 Retrospective Analysis from a Product Strategy Perspective
		3 A Transposable and Replicable Resulting Methodology
		4 Conclusion
		References
	The “Environmental Activation Energy” of Modularity and Conditions for an Environmental Payback
		1 Introduction
		2 Life Cycle Assessment of Modularity
			2.1 Smartphone Modularity
			2.2 Digital Voice Recorder Concept DPM D4R
			2.3 Embedding of Components for a Modular Printed Circuit Board Assembly
		3 Design Rules for Modularity
		4 Conclusions
		References
	Quantitative Environmental Impact Assessment for Agricultural Products Caused by Exposure of Artificial Light at Night
		1 Introduction
		2 Methods
			2.1 Development of a Method for Assessing Light Pollution Impact on Rice Cultivation
				2.1.1 Procedures for Assessing the Impact of Light Pollution on Rice Cultivation
				2.1.2 Effect Analysis
				2.1.3 Damage Analysis
			2.2 Case Study Using One Unit of Outdoor Lighting
				2.2.1 Assessment Method
				2.2.2 Inventory Analysis
		3 Results
			3.1 Development of Impact Assessment Methods
				3.1.1 Correlation Between Illuminance and Heading Delay
				3.1.2 Correlation Between Heading Delay and Yield
			3.2 Damage Factor Results
				3.2.1 Correlation Between Illuminance and Yield
			3.3 Case Study Results by One Outdoor Lighting Unit
				3.3.1 Illumination Distribution in the Paddy Field
				3.3.2 Endpoint Calculation Results
		4 Conclusion
		References
	City Air Management: LCA-Based Decision Support Model to Improve Air Quality
		1 Introduction
		2 City Air Management: Solution and Methodology
		3 Results and Discussion
		References
	Is Environmental Efficiency Compatible with Economic Competitiveness in Dairy Farming? A Case Study of 80 Luxembourgish Farms
		1 Introduction
		2 Material and Methods
			2.1 The Investigated Farms and the Protein Autarky
			2.2 The LCA Methodology Applied and Economic Indicators Used
			2.3 The Principle of Farm Segregation and Statistics Analysis
		3 Results and Discussion
		4 Main Conclusions
		References
	Dynamic and Localized LCA Information Supports the Transition of Complex Systems to a More Sustainable Manner Such as Energy and Transport Systems
		1 Introduction
		2 Four Applications
		3 Smart Charging for Bus Depots
			3.1 Method
			3.2 Results
			3.3 Interpretation
		4 Smart Cooling
			4.1 Methodology
			4.2 Results
			4.3 Interpretation
		5 Smart Chemistry, Methanol from Steel Mill Gases
			5.1 Methodology
			5.2 Results
			5.3 Interpretation
		6 City Air Management
			6.1 Methodology
			6.2 Results
			6.3 Interpretation
		7 Conclusion
		References
	Applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to Estimate the Environmental Impact of Selected Phases of a Production Process of Forming Bottles for Beverages
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials and Methods
			2.1 Research Methodology
			2.2 Determination of Goal and Scope
			2.3 System Boundary and Functional Unit
		3 Results
		4 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Sustainable Technologies
	Accounting for the Temporal Fluctuation of Wind Power Production When Assessing Their Environmental Impacts with LCA: Combining Wind Power with Power-to-Gas in Denmark
		1 Introduction
		2 Material and Methods
			2.1 Environmental Impacts of the Wind Turbine
			2.2 Environmental Impacts of the P2G Systems
			2.3 Assessment of the Need and Use of Storage
		3 Results and Discussion
			3.1 Power-to-Methane Scenario
			3.2 Power-to-Hydrogen Scenario
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Integrated Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: Hydrogen Production as a Showcase for an Emerging Methodology
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
			2.1 Sustainable Development Goals and LCSA Indicators
			2.2 Multi-criteria Decision Analysis
			2.3 Equal Weighting of SDGs
		3 Case Study
		4 Discussion and Results
			4.1 SDG-Guided Indicator Weights
			4.2 PROMETHEE Results
		5 Conclusions
		References
	Role of Stochastic Approach Applied to Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from Secondary Sources Case Studies
		1 Introduction
		2 Uncertainty Analysis of LCI
		3 LCI Data Quality and Collection
		4 Simulation Model: Model Assumptions
		5 Results and Discussion
			5.1 Covas (Portugal) Old Tungsten Mine Case Study
			5.2 New Kankberg (Sweden) Old Gold Mine Case Study
		6 Conclusions
		References
	Extending LCA Methodology for Assessing Liquid Biofuels by Phosphate Resource Depletion and Attributional Land Use/Land Use Change
		1 Introduction
		2 Attributional Land Use and Land Use Change
			2.1 Background
			2.2 Approach
			2.3 Application Example: GHG Emissions Including aLULUC of European Rapeseed Biodiesel
		3 Phosphate Rock Demand
			3.1 Background
			3.2 Approach
			3.3 Application Example: Phosphate Rock Demand of Different Biofuels
		4 Conclusions
		References
	The Environmental Assessment of Biomass Waste Conversion to Sustainable Energy in the Agricultural Biogas Plant
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials and Methods
		3 Results and Discussion
		4 Conclusions
		References
	Life Cycle Assessment Benchmark for Wooden Buildings in Europe
		1 Introduction
		2 Data and Method
			2.1 Background Data for a Typical (European Average) Wooden Single-Family House
			2.2 Design of a Typical (European Average) Wooden Single-Family House
		3 Life Cycle Assessment of a Typical (European Average) Wooden Single-Family House
			3.1 Goal and scope
			3.2 Life Cycle Inventory
		4 Results
		5 Discussion, Outlook, and Conclusion
		References
	Importance of Building Energy Efficiency Towards National and Regional Energy Targets
		1 Introduction
		2 Turkey’s Total and Sectoral Energy Demand
			2.1 Energy Consumption Per Capita
			2.2 Factors that Contribute to Total and Building Energy Consumption
		3 Role of Building Energy Efficiency Targets Towards National Goals
		4 Conclusions
		References
Part III: Sustainable Organisations
	Enhancing Social-Environmental-Economical Systemic Vision: Applying OLCA in a NGO
		1 Introduction
		2 Materials and Methods
		3 Results
			3.1 Goal and Scope
			3.2 Inventory Analysis
			3.3 Impact Assessment
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusions
		References
	LCA in the Field of Safety at Work: A New Engineering Study Subject
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 Results
		4 Conclusions
		References
	Setting Internal Price of Environmental Criteria, the Good Way to Transform Organization?
		1 Introduction
		2 Method
		3 Results
			3.1 Height: Carbon Price Level
			3.2 Width: Emissions Coverage
			3.3 Depth: Business Influence
				3.3.1 Assessing the Environmental P&L
				3.3.2 Including the Cost of Externalities in the TCO
				3.3.3 Including a Shadow Price in the NPV
				3.3.4 Integrating the External Costs in the Portfolio Strategy
			3.4 Time
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Sustainable Markets and Policy
	Metal and Plastic Recycling Flows in a Circular Value Chain
		1 Introduction
		2 Research Methodology
		3 Empirical Findings and Discussions
			3.1 Metal Flow
			3.2 Plastic Flow
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Social Life Cycle Indicators Towards a Sustainability Label of a Natural Stone for Coverings
		1 Introduction
		2 Aims of the Study and Assumptions
		3 Weaknesses of Natural Stone Sector
		4 Outcomes
		5 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	A Life Cycle-Based Scenario Analysis Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management
		1 Introduction
		2 Framework Description
			2.1 Scope and System Boundaries
			2.2 Modular Modeling
			2.3 Scenario Analysis Modeling
		3 Illustrative Scenario Analysis Case Study
		4 Conclusions and Future Work
		References
	The Life Cycle Sustainability Indicators for Electricity Generation in Chile: Challenges in the Use of Primary Information
		1 Introduction
		2 Goal and Scope
		3 Methodological Procedure
			3.1 Definition of Environmental, Economic and Social Indicators
			3.2 Data Sources, Quality and Assumptions
			3.3 Variation on Indicator Values
		4 Results and Discussion
			4.1 Analysis of Data Quality and Sources
			4.2 Environmental Indicators
			4.3 Economic Indicators
			4.4 Social Indicators
		5 Conclusions
		References
	Translating LCA Evidence into Performance-Based Policy Criteria for the Photovoltaic Product Group
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 Results
			3.1 Policy Requirements Proposal: Mandatory Instruments
				3.1.1 Recommendation 1: Ecodesign Minimum Mandatory Requirements for Modules and Inverters
				3.1.2 Recommendation 2: Energy Label for Residential Systems
			3.2 Policy Requirements Proposal: Voluntary Instruments
				3.2.1 Recommendation 3: EU Ecolabel for Residential Systems
				3.2.2 Recommendation 4: EU Green Public Procurement Criteria for PV Systems
				3.2.3 Combined Policy Option Recommendations
		4 Conclusions
		References
Part V: Sustainable Methodological Solutions
	Enhancing Life Cycle Management Through the Symbiotic Use of Data Envelopment Analysis: Novel Advances in LCA + DEA
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 Results and Discussion
		4 Conclusions
		References
	Carbon Footprint as a First Step Towards LCA Usage
		1 Introduction
		2 Mono- and Multi-category Assessment
			2.1 Standards Related to LCA and CF
		3 Methods and Data
			3.1 Illustrative Case: Testimony of Experts
				3.1.1 Data Collection and Sample
			3.2 Survey Responses
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Society’s Perception-Based Characterization Factors for Mismanaged Polymers at End of Life
		1 Introduction
		2 Material and Methods
		3 Results and Discussions
			3.1 Life Cycle Assessment of Drinking Straws
			3.2 Society’s Perception-Based Characterization Factor
		4 Conclusions
		References
	Research Activities on LCA and LCM in Poland
		1 Introduction
		2 Early Works in Poland
		3 Proposed Bibliometric Method of Polish LCA’s Scientist Achievement Evaluation
			3.1 Methodology
			3.2 Methodi Ordinatio Description
			3.3 Methodi Ordinatio Application for Analysis of Polish Authors LCA’s Publications
				3.3.1 Adopted Research Assumptions
				3.3.2 Source of Data
				3.3.3 Calculation of InOrdinatio
		4 Results and Discussion
		5 Reassuming and Conclusions
		References
Index