Towards a Sustainable Construction Industry: The Role of Innovation and Digitalisation: Proceedings of 12th Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Postgraduate Research Conference

Contents
Adding Resilience to a Building Using Lightning Information Modeling
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Forces Impressed onto the Building Materials
	4 Lightning Information Modeling (LIM)
	5 Lightning Safe Buildings
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Evaluating the Influence of Floor Heights on Thermal Comfort in Multi-storey Office Buildings in Temperate-Dry Climate of Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Data Analysis
		4.1 Hypothesis Testing
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Recommendations
	References
Improving Safety on Building Project Sites: The Role of Sensor-Based Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Sensor-Based Technology in the Building Industry
	3 Research Method
	4 Findings and Discussion
		4.1 Theme 1: Relevance of SBT
		4.2 Theme 2: Perceived Factors
		4.3 Theme 3: Proposed Measures
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Assessment of Architects Adoption of Green Smart Design Strategies in High-Rise Office Building in Lagos Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 GSB Design Strategies
		2.2 Knowledge and Adoption of GSB in Architects Practice
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Characteristics of Respondents that Participated in the Study
		4.2 Green Smart Building (GSB) Design Strategies
		4.3 Knowledge of the Architect on GSB
		4.4 Adoption of GSB Design Strategies in Practice
		4.5 Result Summary
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Evaluation of Alternative Materials for Building Construction in Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Profile of respondents
		4.2 Evaluation of the Use of Alternative Construction Materials
		4.3 Evaluation of the Use of Alternative Construction Materials
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Implications of the Findings
	References
Investigation of Indoor Environmental Quality of Lecture Rooms on Students’ Comfort in Selected Polytechnics, Lagos, Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Acoustic (Sound) Quality
		4.2 Visual Comfort
		4.3 Lighting Quality
		4.4 Thermal Comfort
		4.5 IEQ in the Selected Polytechnics
	5 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Evaluation of Low-Cost Housing Estate Readiness to Green Environment Creation
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Case Study
	4 Conclusions
	References
Towards the Adoption of Modular Construction in Residential Projects in Egypt: Benefits, Barriers, and Enablers
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Nature of the Egyptian Construction Industry
		3.2 Current Methods of Projects Execution in Egypt
		3.3 Characteristics of Modular Construction
		3.4 Benefits of Modular Construction
		3.5 The Barriers to Applying Modular Construction
		3.6 Enablers of Modular Construction
	4 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Retrofitting and Maintaining Existing South African Government Buildings for Improving Safety from Fire: A Comprehensive Review of Literature
	1 Introduction
	2 Retrofitting and Maintaining South African Government Buildings
	3 Methodology
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Assessment of the Perception and Practices of Sustainable Construction in the University of Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Green Construction in the Global View
		2.2 Green Construction in Nigeria
		2.3 Barriers and Contradicts of Green Construction Implementation
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Distribution of Questionnaire and Response Rate
		3.2 Data Analysis
	4 Presentation and Discussion of Findings
		4.1 Background Information
		4.2 Perception and Adoption of Sustainable Construction Practices in UNN
		4.3 Discussion and Implications of the Perception and Adoption of Sustainable Construction Practices in UNN
	5 Conclusion
	References
Barriers to the Successful Adoption of Innovative Building Materials for Sustainable Construction: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Understanding Sustainable Construction
		2.2 Understanding Innovative Building Materials (IBM)
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Research Findings and Discussions
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Barriers to the Implementation of Industrialized Building System in South Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Findings and Discussions
	5 Discussion of Findings
		5.1 Implications of Findings
		5.2 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Blockchain Technology Innovation in Supply Chain Management: Perception of Construction Stakeholders in Developing Countries
	1 Introduction
	2 What is Blockchain?
	3 Supply Chain Management
	4 Application of Blockchain Technology in CSCM
		4.1 Smart Contract
		4.2 Material Verification and Authentication
		4.3 Payment Management
		4.4 Construction Management
	5 Research Methodology
	6 Discussion
		6.1 Background of Respondents
		6.2 Awareness and Knowledge of Blockchain Technology
	7 Findings
	8 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Innovations in Construction Organisations in Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Innovation and Innovations in the Construction Industry
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Background Information of Organizations
		4.2 Innovativeness of Firms in the Construction Industry
		4.3 Discussion of Findings
	5 Conclusions
	References
Exploring the Protocol for Construction 4.0 Use in South
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review on Construction 4.0 in South Africa
		2.1 Scoping Review
		2.2 Opportunities Offered by Digital Technologies to Enable Construction 4.0
	3 Methodology
	4 Findings and Discussion
	5 Gaps in Knowledge
	6 Basis for the Formulation of a Protocol for Construction 4.0
	7 Conclusions
	References
Global Trend in Retrofitting Using Smart Technology: A Scientometric Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Building Retrofitting
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Visualisation of Data
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Trends of Publications
		4.2 The Co-occurrence of Keywords Analysis
		4.3 Trending Research Topics
		4.4 Citation Analysis of Journals and Countries
	5 Conclusions
	References
Impact of Big Data Usage in the Construction Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Big Data
	3 Impacts of Big Data Usage in the Construction Industry
	4 Research Methodology
	5 Result and Findings Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
A Preliminary Investigation of the Readiness to Adopt Digital Technologies in a Developing Construction Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Analysis and Results
		4.1 Background Information of Respondents
		4.2 Descriptive Statistics and Reliability Analysis
		4.3 Correlation Analysis
		4.4 Multiple Regression Analysis
	5 Discussion of Findings
	6 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Smart Low-Cost Housing Estate Management: A System Thinking Approach
	1 Introduction
		1.1 System Thinking Model
		1.2 Waste Management Sub-Model
		1.3 Energy Management Sub-model
		1.4 Water Management Sub-model
		1.5 E-Governance Sub-model
		1.6 System Thinking Model for City Smartness Evaluation
	2 IF-Then Model
	3 Conclusions
	References
Levels and Period of Exposure to Chemical Irritants in Relation to Symptoms of Skin Diseases for Construction Specialised Personnel in Zambia
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results
		4.1 Levels of Exposure to Chemical Irritants and Type of Construction
		4.2 Levels of Exposure to Chemical Irritants and Job Title
		4.3 Prevalence by Type of Symptoms of Skin Diseases and Job Title
		4.4 Exposure Levels and Occurrence of the Symptoms of Skin Diseases
		4.5 Period of Exposure and Occurrence of Symptoms of Skin Diseases
	5 Discussion of Results
		5.1 Levels of Exposure to Chemical Irritants
		5.2 Period of Exposure to Chemical Irritants
		5.3 Implications of the Findings
	6 Conclusion
	References
Impact of COVID-19 on the Productivity of Small and Medium Enterprises Within the Construction and Consulting Engineering Companies in South Africa
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Historical Background of the Covid-19 Pandemic
		1.2 Conceptualization and Contextualization of SMEs
		1.3 Profile of the South African Small and Medium Enterprise Sector
		1.4 Hypothesis Development
		1.5 Theoretical Framework That Underpins the Research
		1.6 Conceptual Model That Underpins the Research
	2 Research Design and Methodology
	3 Findings
	4 Conclusion
	References
Agile Risk Management Practices in the South African Construction Industry Project Delivery
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Conceptual Framework
		2.1 Risks and Risk Management Process
		2.2 Agile Approaches
		2.3 The Methodology
	3 Results, Analysis and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Utilization of Delphi Method for Risk Management of Public-Private Partnership Construction Project Research in Ghana
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Application of Delphi Technique, When?
		2.2 Components of the Delphi Technique
	3 Designing, Constructing and Implementing the Delphi Study
	4 Conclusion
	References
Conceptual Design of a Sustainable Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Rain Water Harvesting and Treatment System Components
		3.2 The Catchment Surface
		3.3 Interception and Conveyance System
		3.4 First Flush Device
		3.5 Water Storage/Cistern
		3.6 Cistern Design
		3.7 Ceramic Disinfector
		3.8 Recording Rain Gauge
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Compressive Strength and Water Absorption Capacity of Clay Bricks in South Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 Characteristics and Properties of Clay Bricks
	3 Method and Results
	4 Analysis and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Enabling Legislative Coherence in the Eswatini Construction Industry: A Conceptual Framework
	1 Introduction
	2 Statement of the Problem
		2.1 The Challenges Faced by the Eswatini Construction Industry
		2.2 Methodology
		2.3 The Concept of Coherence in Regulatory Systems
		2.4 Designing Effective Regulation and the Significance of Coherence in Legislative Framework
	3 Conclusion
	References
Use of Bamboo Ash as Partial Replacement in Cement Mortar
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Procedure for Sieve Analysis of Bamboo-Ash
		2.2 Sieve Analysis for Sand
		2.3 Pozzolanic Activity Index Test/Compressive Strength Test
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Sieve Analysis
	4 Discussion of Findings and Conclusion
	5 Recommendation
	References
Valuation Problems in Developing Countries: A Theoretical Framework
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methods
	3 Valuation Problems in Practice
	4 Neoclassical Economics Theory
		4.1 Neoclassical Economics Theory and the Standard Theory of Market Value
		4.2 Neoclassical Economics Theory and the Property Market
		4.3 The Call for an Alternative Theoretical Framework for Property Valuation
	5 The New Institutional Economics (NIE) Theory
		5.1 Transaction Costs and the Property Market
		5.2 Institutions and the Property Market
	6 The Appropriate Theoretical Framework for Property Valuation: Discussions and Recommendations
	References
Addressing the Challenges in the Construction Industry Using a Systems Thinking Approach; A Case Study in Ghana
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Traditional Project Management Concept
		1.2 Performance of the Construction Industry
	2 The Need for Systems Thinking Approach
	3 Research Methods
		3.1 The Causal Loop Diagram
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 The Mental Model of the Construction Industry
		4.2 Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) Modelling
		4.3 Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) Modelling for Increasing Efficiency for Construction Projects
		4.4 Implication of the Findings
	5 Conclusion
	References
Flexural Bond Strength Analysis of Dry vs. Water Saturated Burnt Clay Brick Prisms: Pilot Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Bond and Flexural Strength
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Valuation Problems in Kenya: A Literature Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methods
	3 Property Valuation Problems in Practice
		3.1 Valuation Inaccuracies/Variations
		3.2 Client Influence
		3.3 Use of Heuristics
	4 Valuation Problems: The Kenyan Context
	5 Valuation Problems in Practice: Discussions and Recommendations
	References
Barriers to Knowledge Management Capabilities of Quantity Surveying Firms in an Emerging Market
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature
		2.1 Knowledge Management
		2.2 Sources of Knowledge
		2.3 Barriers to Knowledge Management Capabilities
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion of Findings
		4.1 Background Profile of the Firms and the Respondents
		4.2 Sources of Knowledge
		4.3 Barriers to Knowledge Management Capabilities
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Overcoming Communication Complexities on Construction Site
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature
		2.1 Overview of Communication
		2.2 Causes for Miscommunication
		2.3 Possible Solutions to Improve Communication
	3 Methodology
	4 Findings
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Causes of Communication Problems
		5.2 Resolving Ineffective Communication on Site
	6 Conclusion
	References
Integration of Emerging Technologies in Construction Project Delivery: Durban Construction Contractors’ Experience
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Brief Understanding of the Concept of the 4th Industrial Revolution
		2.2 Emerging Digital and Technological Transformation in the Construction Industry
	3 Research Method
	4 Research Result and Discussions
		4.1 Respondents’ Years of Experience in the South African Construction Industry
		4.2 Respondent’s Highest Educational Qualification
		4.3 Response Analysis from Large Contractors on Benefit of Integration of Emerging Technologies Within Construction Site and Office: Large Contractors’ Perspectives
		4.4 The Implication of the Findings of This Study
	5 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Delphi Approach to Operation Environment Indicators for Public-Private Partnership Risk Management in Construction Industry in Ghana
	1 Introduction
	2 Managing Risks in PPP Construction Projects
		2.1 The PPP Operating Environment in Building Construction Project
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Critical Success Factors for Construction Projects Delivery: Emerging Contractor’s Perspectives
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Emerging Contractors in South Africa
		2.2 Critical Project Success Factors in the Construction Industry
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Research Approach
		3.2 Target Population and Sampling Method
		3.3 Data Collection Techniques
		3.4 Data Analysis Techniques
	4 Findings
		4.1 Participant View on Project Delivery Issues
		4.2 Participants’ Views on Critical Success Factors
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Critical Success Factors for Project Execution
	6 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Tiny Housing Development: A Vaccine for Unaffordable Housing Delivery in Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 Housing Affordability Strategies in Africa
		2.1 Tiny House Development
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Discussion of Findings
		4.1 Prospect of Developing Tiny House
		4.2 Factors Hindering the Development of Tiny House
	5 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Investigating Effective Infrastructure Delivery in South Africa: An Assessment of Infrastructure Delivery Reforms
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 The Elucidation of ‘EFFective and Efficiency’ Concepts
		2.2 Infrastructure Delivery
		2.3 Progression of Infrastructure Delivery in Other Countries
		2.4 Infrastructure Delivery Management System (IDMS)
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Findings and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Complexities in Metrorail Project- A Case Study of Hyderabad Metro Rail
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Background of the Case Study
	5 Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Study of Challenges in Utilising Decentralised Electrical Systems in South African Residential Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Suppliers
		3.2 Engineers
		3.3 Developers
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Investigating the Effects of Innovative Technologies on the Delivery of South African Affordable Housing
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Affordable Housing
		2.2 Affordable Housing Delivery in South Africa
		2.3 Innovative Technology in Construction
		2.4 Innovative Technologies Used for Affordable Housing Delivery
		2.5 Summary of Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Institutional Regulatory Framework and Affordable Rental Housing Delivery in Kenya
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Land Use Regulations
		2.2 Legal Framework
		2.3 Fiscal Policy
	3 Key Gaps in the Literature
	4 Research Methodology
	5 Findings and Data Analysis
		5.1 Land-Use Regulations
		5.2 Legal Framework
		5.3 Fiscal Framework
	6 Conclusions
	7 Policy Implications and Recommendations
	References
Project Management Practices: Importance to Delivery of Infrastructural Project
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework and Best Practice
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Project Management Practices
		4.2 Constraints to Project Management Best Practices
		4.3 The Impact of Project Management on Project Success
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Housing Finance Systems and Affordable Rental Housing Delivery in Kenya
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Gaps and Study Justification
	4 Research Design
	5 Data Findings and Analysis
		5.1 Ability to Pay Basis
		5.2 Payback Period Basis
		5.3 Property Rights and Contract Enforcement Framework
		5.4 Loan to Value Ratio
		5.5 Lending Rates
	6 Key Discussions
	7 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Investigating Construction and Demolition Waste Management Practices Among Building Industry Professionals in Lagos, Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Relevant Literature
		2.1 Understanding Waste Generation and Classification
		2.2 Waste Management Concept and Strategies
		2.3 Construction Waste, the Industry and the Built Environment
		2.4 Sustainable Construction and Demolition Waste Management Practices
		2.5 C&D Waste Management and Legislation in Nigeria
	3 Study Area and Population
		3.1 Research Design
	4 Results
		4.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of Participants
		4.2 Awareness and Involvement in C&D Waste Management
	5 Discussion of Findings
	6 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
An Appraisal of Construction Health and Safety Practices in Privately Owned Small and Medium-Sized Construction Firms in Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Construction Health and Safety Management
		2.2 Causes of Accidents on Construction Sites
		2.3 Adoption of Health and Safety Practices in the Nigerian Context
	3 Study Methodology
	4 Data Analysis, Findings, and Discussions
		4.1 Profile of the Background of Respondents
		4.2 Main Analysis and Findings
	5 Conclusion
	References
User Experience of Health and Safety Provisions for Women in Construction
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Profile of Respondents
		3.2 General Perception of H&S Provision for Women on Site
		3.3 Provision of Appropriate PPE for Female Site Operatives
		3.4 Provision of Sanitary Facilities for Female Site Operatives
		3.5 Menstrual Cycle Issues
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Climate Change—An Exacerbator of Human Health Problems in Coastal Areas
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Publication per Year
		3.2 Publication per Country
		3.3 Most Cited Publications
		3.4 Past Research Focus on Climate Change Impact on Human Health
		3.5 Trends and Areas for Future Studies
		3.6 The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health in Coastal Areas
	4 Conclusion
	References
Prevalence of the Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) Among Construction Workers in South Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Data Analysis
		3.1 Familiarity with HAVS
		3.2 Type of Vibrating Tool/Equipment Used
		3.3 Indication of Other Work and Duration of Breaks
		3.4 Experience of Numbness/Tingling of Fingers
		3.5 Experience of White/Swollen Fingertips
		3.6 Difficulty in Picking/Holding Objects
		3.7 Effect of Symptoms on Working Abilities
		3.8 Protection Mechanisms Against HAVS
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Rethinking Density: Design and Planning for Healthy Informal Settlements Post COVID-19 in Sub Saharan Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 Drivers of Informal Settlements
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Findings and Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Delphi Approach on the Challenges of Human Resource Management Practices Implementation in the Nigerian Construction Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works on the Challenges of Human Resource Management Practices
	3 Methodology
		3.1 The Delphi Technique
		3.2 Identification, Selection, and Validation of Experts’ Status
		3.3 Data Collection Through Delphi
		3.4 Reaching/Determining Consensus
	4 Findings and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Assessment of Compensation Mechanisms for Construction Related Occupational Accidents in Oyo State, Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Research Methodology
		2.2 Results and Discussions
		2.3 Profile of Respondents
		2.4 Evaluation of the Various Compensation Mechanisms Used by the Firms
		2.5 Rating of the Methods and Mechanisms of Compensation
	3 Conclusion
		3.1 Implications of the Findings
	References
A Review of Effective Strategies for Retaining Female Professionals in the Construction Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology for the Study
	4 Findings from Systematic Literature Review
		4.1 Results from Descriptive Analysis
		4.2 Results from Thematic Analysis
	5 Discussion of Emergent Themes with Key Authors
		5.1 Professional Women’s Career Development
		5.2 Career Barriers
		5.3 Mentorship and Sponsorship
		5.4 Management
		5.5 Supportive Environment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Significant Cultural Intelligence Attributes for Performance Effectiveness in Cross-Organisational Project Teams
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background: Cross-Organizational and Team Cultural Intelligence
		2.1 Measurement Attributes of Cross-Organisational Cultural Intelligence
		2.2 Performance Effectiveness of Organizational Teams and Groups
	3 Research Study and Methodology
	4 Results, Findings and Discussion
	5 Discussion of Findings
	References
The Impact of Corporate Culture on Value Management Adoption in the Construction Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Method
	3 The Moderating Role of Corporate Culture
	4 Measuring Corporate Culture - the Competing Value Framework (CVF)
	5 Cultural Alignment and VM Integration
	6 Conclusion
	7 Limitations of the Study
	References
Sustainability and the Law: A Legal Framework for Digital Technologies in an Inclusive Construction Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Sustainable Development
	3 Methodology
	4 Decent Work Deficits in the Construction Industry
		4.1 Protection in Terms of Labour and Social Security Legislation
		4.2 Legal Interventions for a Safer Construction Industry
	5 Codes of Corporate Social Responsibility
	6 Conclusion
	References
Establishing the Need for Utilising Market Intelligence by Local Construction Firms in Developing Countries
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature
		2.1 Nature of Construction Business Environment in the Developing Countries
		2.2 Concept of Market Intelligence
		2.3 Conclusion
	References
Investigating the Effects of River Channel Meander on Bridge Hydraulics
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	5 Recommendation
	References
A Review on Digital Quality Control Practices on Building Construction Projects
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Selected Applications of Building Information Modelling (BIM) on QC Practices of Construction Projects
		3.2 Selected Applications of Internet of Things (IoT) on QC Practices of Construction Projects
		3.3 Selected Applications of Digital Sensors on QC Practices of Construction Projects
		3.4 Selected Applications of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) on QC Practices of Construction Projects
		3.5 Further Applications of Digital Technologies on QC Practices of Construction Projects
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Key Drivers of Building Information Modelling Adoption for Post Construction Management: A Review of Existing Literature
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Research Findings and Discussion
		3.1 Post Construction Phase: Facility Operation and Maintenance
		3.2 Overview of Published Articles on Drivers of BIM for Post-construction (PC)
		3.3 Drivers of BIM for Post-construction (PC)
	4 Conclusion, Recommendation, and Suggestions for Further Studies
	References
Building Information Modelling for Information Management in the Construction Industry: A Systematic Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Information Management in the Construction Industry
	4 Overview of Building Information Modelling (BIM)
	5 Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Construction Information Management
		5.1 Simultaneous Access to Information
		5.2 Effective and Quality Communication
		5.3 Project Documentation
	6 Lessons Learnt
	7 Conclusion
	References
Ascertaining the Benefit Indexes of Life Cycle Assessment in the South African Construction Industry: A Hybrid Fuzzy Analysis Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Life Cycle Assessment in Construction Project Delivery
		2.1 Benefits of LCA Adoption and Implementation
	3 Research Design and Methodology
	4 Results, Findings and Discussion
	References
Delay Minimising Measures Used on Road Construction Projects in South Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 An Overview of Strategies for Minimising Delays on Road Construction Projects
		2.1 Management and Control
		2.2 Communication
		2.3 Financial Strategies
		2.4 Planning Strategies
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Data Presentation, Analysis and Discussion
		4.1 Profile of the Respondents
		4.2 Project Information
		4.3 Analysis of Measures to Minimise Delays in Road Construction Projects
		4.4 Data Analysis
		4.5 Discussion of Findings
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Improving Construction Productivity Estimation Techniques Through Realistic Labour Productivity Determinants
	1 Introduction
	2 Background to the Study
		2.1 Previous Construction Experience
		2.2 Labour Performance
		2.3 Time Study of Varying Trades
		2.4 Activity Sampling
		2.5 Work Sampling
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion of the Results
		4.1 Estimation of Concrete, Masonry, and Plastering Labour Productivity
		4.2 Discussion of Findings
	5 Conclusion
	References
Project Management Competencies for Embedding Sustainability in Construction Projects: A Delphi Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Method
	4 Presentation and Discussion of Findings
	5 Conclusion and Implications of the Study
	References
Stakeholder-Related Causes of Cost Overruns in the Namibian Construction Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 An Overview of Factors Causing Cost-Overruns on Construction Projects
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Data Presentation, Analysis, and Discussion
		4.1 Background Profile of the Respondents
		4.2 Level of Cost Overrun on Construction Projects in the Namibian Construction Industry
		4.3 Discussion of Findings
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Examining the Expanded Public Works Programme in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 An Overview of the Expanded Public Works Programme in South Africa
		2.1 Expanded Public Works Programme Objectives Based on Phases 1–4
		2.2 Sectors of the Expanded Public Works Programme
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Research Findings and Discussions
		4.1 Background Information of the Respondents
		4.2 Barriers Hindering the Effectiveness of the Expanded Public Works Programme
		4.3 Ways of Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Expanded Public Works Programme
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Toward an Integrated SCM Model for the South African Construction Industry: Lessons from Shipbuilding
	1 Introduction
	2 Shipbuilding Industry
		2.1 The Nature of the Shipbuilding Supply Chain
		2.2 Critical Success Factors for SC Integration
		2.3 Enablers and Barriers if SCM Implementation
	3 Lessons for Construction
	4 Conclusion
	References
Evaluating the Effect of Land Use Management Processes on Property Development in the City of Johannesburg
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Land Use Management in the City of Johannesburg
		2.2 Significance of Land Use Management in the South African Context
		2.3 Land Use Management Challenges in Property Development
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Findings and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Occupational Stressors Among Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in the Zambian Construction Industry: A Preliminary Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Upshots of Flood Prevalence on Ala River Basin and Connecting Neighbourhood in Akure, Ondo State of Nigeria
	1 Introduction and Background to the Study
	2 Literature Underpinning the Study
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 The Research Setting
		3.2 Research Databank
	4 Results and Presentation of Findings
		4.1 Mapping of Zones Vulnerable to Flood Prevalence in Ala River Basin
		4.2 Factors Responsible for Incessant Flooding in Ala River Basin
		4.3 Immediate and Remote Effects of Flooding on Residents and the Environment
		4.4 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
	References
Appraisal of Locational Impacts of Akure Shopping Mall on Connecting Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Method
		3.1 Research Location
		3.2 Research Database
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Age Distribution of Respondents
		4.2 Level of Education of Respondents
		4.3 Household Size
		4.4 Income Level
		4.5 Occupation
		4.6 Residents Locational Perception of the Shopping Mall
		4.7 Environmental Impacts of the Mall on the Connecting Residential Area
		4.8 Planning Implications of the Shopping Mall
		4.9 Negative Impacts of the Mall
		4.10 Types of Solid Wastes Generated
		4.11 Major Causes of Noise Pollution
		4.12 Peak Periods of Negative Impacts
	5 Summary of Findings and Policy Recommendations
	6 Conclusion
	References
Understanding Land Use Planning and Sustainable Development from the Perspective of Smart Groundwater Monitoring
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Groundwater Abstraction
		2.2 Sustainability of Groundwater Resources
		2.3 Early Warning Systems
		2.4 Mathematical Models for Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Study Area
		3.2 Methods and Materials Adapted
		3.3 Data Collection
		3.4 Software Used
		3.5 Spatial Analysis Approach Aspect of the Study Objectives
		3.6 Using Internet of Things as an Approach to the Study Objectives
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Overview
		4.2 Land Use and Land Cover
		4.3 Processes that Influence Groundwater Movement and Storage
		4.4 Regarding Volumes Abstracted Per Day in Regideso
		4.5 Implementation of the App
		4.6 The Social/Theoretical/Practical Contributions of the Paper
	5 Conclusion
	References
Pollution in the Urban Environment: A Research on Contaminated Groundwater in the Aquifers Beneath the Qoboza Klaaste (QK) Building at University of Johannesburg in South Africa
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Limitation of the Study
	4 Study Area
	5 Discussion and Results
		5.1 Overview
		5.2 Water Quality in South Africa
		5.3 The South African National Policy and Standards 241:015 (SANS 241:2015)
		5.4 Discussion of Lab Experiment Results
	6 Policy Recommendations
	7 Conclusion
	References
Nexus Between Urban Landuses and Water Pollution
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Barriers to the Exploration of Land Resources for Construction Works in Osun State, Nigeria
	1 Introduction
	2 Barriers to the Exploration of Land Resources for Construction Works
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion of Findings
		4.1 Background Profile of the Firms and the Respondents
		4.2 Barriers to the Exploration of Land Resources for Construction Works
	5 Conclusion
	References