Tourism Development in Post-Soviet Nations: From Communism to Capitalism

Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
	Historical Contexts
		The Period of Socialism
		The Transition
		Global Emergence
	Book Overview
	Additional Thoughts
	References
Part I: Transitions and Indicators of Progress
	Chapter 2: Rural Tourism as a Tool for Sustainable Development: Lessons Learned in Estonia
		Introduction
		Estonian Connections to Nature
		Beginning of Rural Tourism Services in Estonia
		Rural Tourism During Independent Estonia (1918–1940)
		Tourism Development in the Beginning of the Communist Regime
		Thaw Period of the Communist Regime
		Political Stagnation and Economic Boom in the Countryside
		Collapse of the Soviet System
		Rural Tourism in Independent Estonia
		Entry into the European Union and Tourism
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: From Communism to Capitalism: The Transition of Bulgarian Tourism Sector and Contemporary Discourses
		Introduction
		The History of the Bulgarian Tourism Industry
		Methodological Aspects of the Research
		Results and Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: From Centrally Driven Variations to Market-Driven Development: Models of Urban Tourism Evolution in Poland
		Introduction
		Tourism in the Framework of Centrally Driven Economy, Transformation, and Market Economy
		TALC and Post-Communist Urban Destinations
		Methodology
		Results
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: Institutional Challenges in the Development of Tourism in Kazakhstan
		Introduction
		Post-Soviet Legacy in the Kazakhstan Economy
		The Tourism Industry in Independent Kazakhstan (1991–2001)
			Institutional Changes in Tourism Development
		Second Stage of Development: Words, Words, Words (2001–Present)
		Current Tourism Challenges
			Tourist Flows
			Accommodations
			Small Businesses
			Accessibility
			Perception Challenges
		Research Methodology
		Findings
		Conclusion
		Limitations and Further Research
		References
	Chapter 6: Tourism Development and Policy in Slovakia
		Introduction
		Country Overview and Historical Background
		Period of Socialism: 1946–1989
		Period of Transition; 1990–1999
		EU Membership and the Eurozone: 2000–2010
		Research Methodology
		The Impact of EU Funds and Networking
			Period 2010–2013: The Impact of the EU Structural Funds
			The Current Situation: Networking and DMOs
		Conclusion
		References
Part II: Case Studies
	Chapter 7: Post-Socialist Tourism Trajectories in Budapest: From Under-Tourism to Over-Tourism
		Introduction
		Post 1989: The Interpretation of the Socialist Past and Dissonant Heritage
		Cultural and Heritage Tourism
		Marketing and Branding
		Planning and Management
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 8: Troubled Sustainability: Coastal Tourism in Bulgaria—20 Years Later
		Introduction
		Sustainability and Tourism in Transition: A Problematic Relationship
		Varna North Black Sea Coast Tourist Region
		Methodology
		Results
			The Forces of Change: Path Dependence Path Creation
		Discussion
			‘Politicising’ and Corruption Practices
			Property Rights
			Human Capital
			Mentalities
			Local Community Empowerment
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 9: From Tourist Guides to Cultural Immersion Facilitators: Sustainable Tourism and Redefining Destination Image in Slovenia
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			Guide Training in the European Union
		G-Guides
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 10: Networking, Clustering, and Creativity as a Tool for Tourism Development in Rural Areas of Belarus
		Introduction
		Research Methods
			Goals of the Chapter
		Background
		The Experience Value Chain in Belarus
			Volozhin Routes
			Muchavec Pantry Cluster
		Zelva Diary Cluster
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Rural Tourism Product Development: The Polish Experience
		Introduction
		Tourism Product
			Demand and Supply Sides of Tourism Products
			The Tourism Product Structure
			Identity and Image of Tourism Products
		Specifics of the Rural Tourism Product
			The Definition of Rural Tourism for the Purpose of the Tourism Product
			Rurality in the Core and Actual Levels of Tourism Product
			The Rural Tourism Product Components and Types
		Rural Tourism Products in Poland
			Rural Tourism Product: A Short History
			Categories of the Sectorial Tourism Products
			‘The Hospitable Farms’ Sectorial Categories
			The National Educational Farms Network
			Thematic Villages
				The Thematic Village Case Study: Camomile Land
				Eco-Museum ‘Izerska Countryside’
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 12: Nature-Based Tourism Development as a Tool of Community Transformation from Communism to Capitalism: The Georgian Experience
		Introduction
		Life at the Edge of the Iron Curtain
			Soviet Collapse
		Methodology
		Discussion
			Development of Protected Areas, Tourism Services, and Household Income
			Machakhela National Park: Community Involvement in the Sustainable Development of a Tourism Destination
			Nature-Based Tourism Development in Support Zone of Javakheti Protected Area
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 13: Conclusion
		Book Themes
			Transitional or Emerging Economies?
			Understanding Different Development Paths
			Changing Policy Is Changing Stakeholders
			Sustainability
		Limitations and Future Research
			Outbound Tourism Narratives
			Inbound Tourism Narratives
			Monitoring Social Change
		Final Thoughts
		References
Index