Tourism Business Frontiers: consumers, products and industry (Tourism Futures)

Cover......Page 1
Tourism Business Frontiers: Consumers, products and industry......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
List of figures......Page 8
List of tables......Page 9
List of case studies......Page 10
Editors......Page 12
Contributors......Page 13
Foreword......Page 19
Preface......Page 21
Acknowledgments......Page 22
1 Introduction......Page 24
Part One: New Consumers......Page 30
Introduction......Page 32
What emerging technologies and types of content/information are used?......Page 34
When do consumers use new technologies?......Page 35
Travellers as co-producers of meaningful experiences......Page 36
Embodied cognition......Page 37
Travellers as storytellers......Page 38
Communication of travel experiences using stories......Page 39
Conclusions: the new traveller and the future of travel behaviour......Page 40
Introduction......Page 42
Definitions and approach......Page 43
The evolution of tourism markets......Page 44
Lifestyle and psychographic segments......Page 48
Sector practices......Page 50
Conclusions......Page 52
Introduction......Page 53
Setting the scene – ageing populations and tourism demand......Page 54
What is currently known about senior travel?......Page 55
Constraints on senior travel......Page 58
Recognizing differences within senior groups......Page 59
Tourism practice......Page 60
A vision for the future of senior travel......Page 62
Introduction......Page 63
Adventure tourism......Page 64
Global market trends......Page 66
Enclaves as experience factories......Page 67
Demand trends......Page 68
Supply trends......Page 69
A coherent niche?......Page 70
Defining visiting friends and relatives......Page 71
Market size and distribution......Page 72
Differences in VFR markets......Page 74
Social considerations......Page 75
Business dimensions......Page 77
Future directions......Page 78
Introduction......Page 79
A complex industry......Page 81
Market demand......Page 82
Venue selection, satisfaction and organizing conferences......Page 83
Marketing and branding......Page 84
Increased demand for conferences......Page 85
Safety and security......Page 86
The future MICE industry......Page 87
Conclusions......Page 88
Introduction......Page 90
What is the moralisation of tourism?......Page 91
New moral tourism – a pervasive agenda......Page 92
The commercial sector......Page 94
Demand for new moral tourism?......Page 95
Conclusion......Page 97
Part Two: New Products......Page 98
Introduction......Page 100
Changing patterns of consumption......Page 102
Vulnerability enhanced through powerful intermediaries......Page 103
Fighting stagnation and/or decline......Page 104
Best practice scenarios......Page 105
Conclusions: constantly revitalizing destinations......Page 106
Introduction......Page 108
Definitions of second-home tourism and residential tourism, and key stakeholders......Page 109
The demand for second homes......Page 111
The supply of second homes......Page 112
New products for second-home tourism......Page 113
Implications for tourism destination management......Page 114
Conclusions and policy implications......Page 116
Introduction......Page 117
Fashion as a key factor in the consumption of destinations......Page 118
Accessibility as a key factor in the consumption of destinations......Page 119
Vision for the future......Page 123
Introduction......Page 124
Experiences defined......Page 125
An application of experience design......Page 126
Methodology for experience design processes for value creation......Page 127
Proposed tourism product development model......Page 128
Conclusions......Page 133
Introduction......Page 134
Concepts of nature-based tourism......Page 135
Nature-based tourism and ecotourism......Page 136
Comparing nature-based, eco- and adventure tourism......Page 137
Critical issues in NEAT tourism and trends......Page 138
Conclusions and future trends......Page 140
Introduction......Page 141
Forms of sport tourism......Page 142
Impact of sport on tourism......Page 144
The importance of sport tourism......Page 146
The future participant in sport tourism......Page 147
Conclusion......Page 149
Introduction......Page 150
Why do tourists shop?......Page 151
Changing shopping patterns......Page 152
Changing shopping needs and types of shoppers......Page 153
Changing planning and geographic environments......Page 155
New marketing strategies to attract shoppers to destinations......Page 156
Conclusions: new consumer values and ways of thinking about shopping......Page 158
Gastronomy, food and wine tourism defined......Page 160
The food tourism market......Page 161
Cuisine change......Page 163
Media and food......Page 164
Tourism and food production......Page 166
Food tourism and consumption......Page 168
Conclusions......Page 169
Why do people turn to spirituality?......Page 171
Spirituality and spiritual experiences......Page 172
Spirituality and tourism......Page 173
The age of change......Page 174
Spiritual travel products and experiences......Page 175
Conclusion: the future of spiritual tourism......Page 178
Introduction......Page 180
Why go to space?......Page 181
The economics of space tourism......Page 182
Space tourism as a business......Page 183
Ground-based space tourism......Page 184
The challenges of space tourism......Page 185
The X-Prize and the SpaceShipOne......Page 187
Orbital flights and space hotels......Page 189
Conclusion......Page 190
Part Three: New Industry......Page 192
Introduction......Page 194
The future of tourism channel intermediaries......Page 196
Travel agencies......Page 197
Tour operators......Page 199
Intermediation, disintermediation, reintermediation and dynamic packaging......Page 201
Power and conflict resolution in tourism distribution......Page 202
Conclusions: the future of intermediation......Page 203
Introduction......Page 204
The role of the different modes......Page 205
Privatization and competition......Page 206
Surface modes......Page 207
Horizontal and vertical integration......Page 208
Operational developments......Page 209
Security......Page 210
Coping with growth and pressures on the environment......Page 211
Conclusions......Page 212
Introduction......Page 214
Transportation......Page 215
Scale of the industry......Page 216
Not-for-profit hospitality......Page 217
Lifestyle segmentation......Page 218
Chains and small businesses......Page 219
Trends in hospitality process design......Page 220
Security and assets......Page 221
Conclusion......Page 222
Understanding tourist attractions......Page 223
Major trends in tourist attractions......Page 226
Socio-cultural trends......Page 227
Economic trends......Page 228
Environmental trends......Page 229
Internal attraction sector trends......Page 230
Innovative attraction strategies......Page 231
Conclusion......Page 233
A definition of cultural tourism......Page 234
Integrating cultural heritage management and tourism......Page 235
Better understanding of the market......Page 237
Product assessment and commodification......Page 238
Future trends for cultural heritage and attractions......Page 239
Greater breadth of products......Page 240
Congestion......Page 241
Conclusions: the future of cultural heritage attractions......Page 242
Introduction......Page 243
New leisure and tourism experiences......Page 244
New leisure and tourism attractions......Page 245
Who are the new leisure tourists?......Page 246
Where do new leisure tourists go?......Page 248
New leisure tourism: future perspectives......Page 250
Introduction......Page 251
Defining destination, destination management and destination marketing......Page 252
Understanding the destination as a system......Page 253
Targeting destination products for specific market segments......Page 255
Matching the identity, image and perceptions of the destination to develop the right promotion......Page 256
Identifying which actors are involved in which management strategies......Page 257
Product or destination management?......Page 259
Part Four: Conclusion......Page 262
26 Conclusion: tourism futures......Page 264
References......Page 270
C......Page 290
F......Page 291
L......Page 292
O......Page 293
S......Page 294
T......Page 295
W......Page 296