Tourism, Travel, and Hospitality in a Smart and Sustainable World: 9th International Conference, IACuDiT, Syros, Greece, 2022 - Vol. 2

Editorial
Contents
Tourism Economics, Management and Education
Economic Indicators and Cost Analysis in the Hotel Industry of Crete
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Economic Indicators for Hotels
	3 Development and Characteristics of the Hotel Industry in Greece
	4 Crete as a Tourist Destination
	5 Research Objectives and Methodology
	6 Survey Results
		6.1 Characteristics of the Hotels that Participated in the Survey
		6.2 The Use of Hotel Indicators
	7 Conclusions
	References
How Can We Measure the “Success of Change Management?” An Exploratory Factor Analysis in a Sample of Employees in the Greek Hotel Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 The Concept of Change Management
		2.2 The Concept of Change Success—Empirical Evidence and Measurements Used
	3 Methodology
		3.1 The Participants
		3.2 The Instrument of Research
		3.3 The Statistics Used on the Research
	4 Results
		4.1 Explanatory Factor Analysis
		4.2 Reliability, Mean Scores, and Normality of Extracted Factors
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Efficiency of the Spa Enterprises in Slovakia
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
How Can We Measure the “Resistance to Change”? An Exploratory Factor Analysis in a Sample of Employees in the Greek Hotel Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 The Concept of Resistant to Change
		2.2 Resistance to Change on the Hospitality Sector—Empirical Findings and Attempts to Measure the Factors that Lead to Resistance to Change
	3 Methodology
		3.1 The Participants
		3.2 The Instrument of Research
		3.3 Statistical Methods
	4 Research Results
		4.1 Reliability, Mean Scores, and Normality of the Extracted Factors
		4.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Pricing Strategy for Green Hotel Industry
	1 Introduction and Literature Review
	2 Methods
	3 Results: Simultaneous Decisions
		3.1 Comparative Static Analysis
	4 Results: CSR Hotel Acts as the Leader
		4.1 Comparative Static Analysis
	5 Results: SO Hotel Acts as the Leader
		5.1 Comparative Static Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Residents’ Perception of Yachting Tourism Amid COVID-19: A PLS-SEM Approach Framed by SET, Revised SET and PMT
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Social Exchange Theory
		2.2 Revised Social Exchange Theory
		2.3 Protection Motivation Theory
		2.4 Yachting Tourism and Its Impact on Destinations
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion–Discussion
	References
A Multidimensional Approach on Economic and Social Security as Prerequisite for Tourism Development
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Leadership Styles and Group Dynamics in the Tourism Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Literature Review
		3.1 The Concept of Leadership Styles—Definitions and Measurement Tools
		3.2 The Concept of Group Dynamics—Terms and Measurement Tools
		3.3 Examination of the Current Literature—The Effect of Leadership and Group Dynamics on Organizations
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modeling the Elements of Organizational Culture that Formulate the Design of the Internal Environment of Tourist Enterprises: A Literature Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Communication—Effect on Team Efficiency on the Tourism Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Literature Review
		3.1 The Concept of Leadership Styles—Definitions and Measurement Tools
		3.2 The Factors of Communication—Terms and Measurement Tools
		3.3 What Makes a Team Effective? Outcomes and Measurement Tools
		3.4 Examination of the Current Literature—The Impact of Leadership and Communication on Team Effectiveness
	4 Conclusions
	References
Total Quality Management in Hotel Businesses Depending on Their Category and Size
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	Appendix
		Appendix 1 One-Sample t-test and One Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (test value = 4)
		Appendix 2 Independent Samples t-test & Mann–Whitney U (* Category)
		Appendix 3 Independent Samples t-test and Mann–Whitney U (Rooms Capacity)
	References
Gravity Models in Tourism: The “Crises” Factor
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Conclusion
	References
Silver Tourism in Greece. Basic Elements of Marketing and Branding
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Features of Foreign Working Force for Cypriot Hotel Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Findings and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Developing and Enhancing Emotional Intelligence in the Tourism Sector: The Role of Transformative Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Emotional Intelligence
		2.2 Transformative Learning
	3 Aim of the Study and Research Questions
	4 Methodology
	5 Results
		5.1 Research Sample
		5.2 Emotional Intelligence Training Results
		5.3 Qualitative Analysis
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	8 Limitations
	References
Online Collaborative Platforms to the Hospitality and Tourism Industry: The Paradox of Regulating the Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	6 Recommendations
	References
Olympic Games and Mega Events Legacy Planning as a Tourism Initiation Strategy: Developments and Implications
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Considerations
		2.1 Sport Venues as a Local Regeneration Strategy or in Constant Need for Regeneration?
		2.2 Challenging the Mega Event Legacy Concept
	3 Method
	4 Extracted Factors Affecting Legacy-Initiated Tourism
		4.1 Legacy Planning: A Problematic Post-Event Setting
		4.2 Measuring and Evaluating Legacy Effectiveness: A Challenging Task
		4.3 Legacy Cases: The Need for a Holistic City Planning
		4.4 IOC and Sports Organizations’ Stance into Initiating Tourism-Related Legacy
	5 Conclusions
	References
Does It Matter? The Influence of Leadership, Motivation and Empowerment on the Career Progression of Women in tourism–A South Africa Case
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results of Factor Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Exploring Gender Differences in Hotel Choice Safety Factors in the Early Post-COVID-19 Era
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Women in Tourism Industry: From Glass Ceiling Effect to #MeToo Movement
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Definitions and Concepts
		2.2 Commenting on Recent Relevant Research
		2.3 Evidence from Greece
	3 Methodology
	4 Conclusion
	References
Factors Influencing Urban Tourism Demand: The City of Tshwane Case
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Cultural Heritage Tourism
Prospects for Heritage Tourism Branding in Eastern Arabia
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methods: Branding UAE and Omani Landscapes
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Meet West in East: New Routing of Old Footprints in the Heritage Tourism in Macao
	1 Introduction
	2 The Concept of “Portuguese Origins”
	3 Research Method
	4 Findings
	5 Conclusion
	References
Digital Activities as Online Getaways to Cultural Heritage: The Paradigm of Greek Museums During the COVID-19 Era
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review. Going Digital
	3 Museum Digital Activities in Greece in the COVID-19 Era
		3.1 Resilience of Greek Museums During the Pandemic Crisis
		3.2 Methodology of Investigation
		3.3 The Acropolis Museum
		3.4 The Benaki Museum
		3.5 The Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki
	4 Results, Challenges, and Opportunities
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Legal Approach of Diving Tourism and the Protection of Marine Cultural Heritage. The Case of Greece
	1 Introduction
	2 Diving as a Recreational Activity
	3 The Administrative Framework of Diving Tourism in Greece
		3.1 The Exercise of Underwater Activity
		3.2 Diving Tourism Council
		3.3 Recreational Diving Services’ Provider
	4 The Attractions of Diving Tourism
	5 Scuba Diving Certification Organization
	6 Conclusion
	References
Authenticity as an Antecedent of the Tourist Experience in Measuring the Gap Between Tourist Experiences at an Accommodation Establishment and a Tourist Attraction in Lesotho
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Local Culture
		4.2 Involvement
		4.3 Meaningfulness
		4.4 Social Interaction
	5 Conclusion
	References
Turning Cultural and Creative Challenges into Local Development Opportunities
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Much More Than a Museum: Motivations and Experiences of Young Visitors at Urban Cultural Clusters
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Qualitative Study
	4 Quantitative Study: Design and Sample
	5 Quantitative Study: Results and Discussion
	6 Limitations and Further Research
	References
Exploring the Role of Toponymy in Wine Naming Strategy: A Greek Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 The Greek Wine Zones
	3 The Concept of Terroir and the Sequence of Toponymy
	4 Approaching Wine Labels and Labeling Through Toponymy
	5 Conclusions
	References
Cultural Τourist’s Ιntention Τo Visit Greece During the Pandemic Era
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	6 Suggestions for Future Research
	References
Urban Mega-Projects, Cultural Flagships and Their Effect on the Destination Image and Visitor Economy: The Case of the Waterfront of the Metropolitan Area of Athens
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Relaunching the Athenian Waterfront as Destination and the Role of Cultural Flagships
		3.1 Methodology
		3.2 The Waterfront of Athens as a Tourism Destination
		3.3 Athens and Its Waterfront as a Cultural Destination
		3.4 Planning and Branding the Waterfront of Athens as a Destination for Cultural Tourists
	4 Conclusions
	References
Tourism Consumer Behavior
Gastronomy Tourism in Athens, Motivations and Resources: A Push and Pull Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix 1: One Sample t Test and One Sample Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (test value = 3)
	Appendix 2: Independent Samples t Test and Mann–Whitney U (Gender)
	Appendix 3: ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis Test (Age)
	Appendix 4: ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis Test (Education)
	Appendix 5: One Sample t Test and One Sample Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (test value = 3)
	Appendix 6: Independent Samples t Test and Mann–Whitney U (Gender)
	Appendix 7: ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis Test (Age)
	Appendix 8: ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis Test (Education)
	Appendix 9: One Sample t Test and One Sample Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (test value = 3)
	Appendix 10: Independent Samples t Test and Mann–Whitney U (Gender)
	References
Gastronomy Tourist Behavior in Macao as the “UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy”
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background
	3 Research Methodology and Findings
	4 Conclusions
	References
Behavior Analysis of Glamping as a Novel Tourism Marketing Trend
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Behavioural Intention of the South African Youth Towards Birds, Bird Habitat and Avitourism
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Sustainable Avitourism
		2.2 Defining Behavioural Intention Towards Birds, Bird Habitat and Avitourism
		2.3 The Measurement of Behavioural Intention Towards Birds, Bird Habitat and Avitourism
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Descriptive Results: Behavioural Intention of Learners Towards Birds, Bird Habitat and Avitourism
		4.2 Factor Analysis Results: Behavioural Intention of Learners Towards Birds, Bird Habitat and Avitourism
	5 Recommendations and Implications
	6 Conclusion
	References
Exploring the Relationship Between Tourist Safety and Tourist Experience: Theories from Accommodation Establishments and Attractions
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Safety in Tourism
		2.2 Impact of Tourist Safety at an Attraction
		2.3 Impact of Tourist Safety on Accommodation Experiences
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Satisfaction of Visitors with Folklore Festivals in Slovakia
	1 Introduction—Folklore Festivals as a Part of Cultural Tourism
	2 Literature Review—the Product of the Folklore Festival and Its Implementation
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Consumer Behavior of Visitors to Folklore Festivals
		4.2 Visitors’ Satisfaction with the Product of Folklore Festivals
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Benefits of Tourism and Travel to the Tourist’s Well-Being: A Conceptual Discussion
	1 Introduction—The Relevance of Travel to a Tourist’s Health and Well-Being
	2 Engaging with Nature
	3 Engaging with the Physical Environment
	4 Engaging with Culture
	5 Engaging with the Spiritual
	6 Engaging with Others
	7 Conclusion
	References
Understanding Behavioral Intentions in a Spa Experience: Insights from Contemporary Literature
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
To Read or not to Read? Dilemmas of Potential Tourism Visitors: Quantitative Study of Online Review Management from Slovakia
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Profiling Coastal Tourists to the Democratic Republic of Congo
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Coastal Tourism
		2.2 Demographic and Behavioural Characteristics of Coastal Tourists
		2.3 Travel Motivations
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Findings Pertaining to the Demographic and Travel Behavioural Characteristics
		4.2 Findings Pertaining to the Travel Motivations
	5 Implications
	6 Conclusion
	References
Profiling Visitors of Four Selected Urban Green Spaces in the City of Tshwane
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Urban Green Spaces
		2.2 Visitor Motivation
		2.3 Environmental Awareness of Visitors to Urban Green Spaces
		2.4 Subjective Well-being of Visitors to Urban Green Spaces
		2.5 Revisit Intention
	3 Methodology
	4 Results: A Profile of Visitors to Urban Green Spaces in the City of Tshwane
		4.1 Biographic Profile of Visitors to Urban Green Spaces
		4.2 Results: Motivation of Visitors to Urban Green Spaces
		4.3 Results: Environmental Awareness of Visitors to Urban Green Spaces
		4.4 Results: Subjective Well-being of Visitors to Urban Green Spaces
		4.5 Results: Revisit Intention to Urban Green Spaces
	5 Recommendations for Tourism Managers and the Management of Urban Green Spaces
	6 Conclusion
	References