Title IX and the Protection of Pregnant and Parenting College Students: Realities and Challenges

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Epigraph
Brief Contents
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Part 1: Context: The Realities of Pregnancy and Parenting in College
	Chapter 1: Introduction to Title IX as It Relates to Pregnancy
		The Evolution of Title IX
			Preceding Laws
			Title IX Beginnings and Passage
		Title IX Compliance and Enforcement
			Hierarchy of Law
			Regulations
			Case Law Precedents
		Where Does Pregnancy and Parenting Factor In?
			Legislative History
			Regulations
			Guidance
		Review of Pregnancy and Parenting Case Law
			High School and National Honor Society
			Undergraduate Student Cases
				Pregnancy Accommodation Cases
				Analysis of Accommodation Cases
			Department of Education Office of Civil Rights Settlements
			Undergraduate Athletics and Pregnancy
			Graduate Student Cases
				Admission
				Academic Requirements
				Denial of Leave
		Evaluating How Schools Respond to Title IX
		Preview of Chapters
		Notes
	Chapter 2: “Pregnant Students? We Don’t Have Those Here”: Seeing the Pregnant and Parenting Student Population
		Why Pregnant and Parenting Students Are Unseen and Unheard
		The Presence of Pregnant Students
		The Presence of Parenting Students and Their Children
			In College Classrooms and Offices
			In Campus Childcare Centers
			On-campus Housing
		Summary
		Notes
	Chapter 3: “How Could This Happen?”: Identifying Students’ Knowledge Gaps and Limited Communication about Pregnancy
		Optimistic Biases
		Knowledge Gaps
		The Missing Puzzle Pieces
			Reproductive Anatomy and Sex
				Female Reproductive Anatomy
				Male Reproductive Anatomy
				The Basics of Sexual Intercourse
			Fertility
				The Signs of Fertility
				Influences of Fertility
				Realities of and Influences on Infertility
			Pregnancy
				The Beginning of a Pregnancy
				The Duration of Pregnancy
			Nutrition
		Communication about Sex and Unplanned Pregnancies
		Notes
	Chapter 4: “There’s Nothing Else We Can Do for You”: Acknowledging the Physical Challenges Surrounding Pregnancy
		Pregnancy and Its Physical Challenges
			The First Trimester
			The Second Trimester
			The Third Trimester
			After Delivery, the “Fourth Trimester”
			Delayed Medical Care
		Incomplete Pregnancies and Their Physical Challenges
			Miscarriages
			Abortions
			Hormonal Treatments
		Conclusion
		Notes
	Chapter 5: My Dream School Became “Draining”: Recognizing the Mental Challenges Surrounding Pregnancy
		Depression and Emotional Health Challenges among Parenting Students
		Stress and Related Health Challenges among Pregnant and Parenting Students
		Incomplete Pregnancies and Mental Health Risks
		Stigmatization and Its Effects
		Conclusion
		Notes
	Chapter 6: “I Even Wondered, What Are My Rights?”: Title IX Compliance and Why It Is Often an Afterthought
		Current Compliance Requirements Summary
			Discrimination Prohibition
			Provide Academic Accommodations
			Medical Documentation
			Provision of Leave and Return to Status
			Summary
		Creating the Foundations of a Compliance Program for Pregnant and Parenting Students
			Where to Start
			Designation and Data
			Campus Communication, Policy, and Training
			Providing Adjustments and Accommodations
				Pregnancy as Disability
				How to Request, When to Request, and What Documentation to Request
		Discrimination Prevention and Resolution
			Academic Discrimination
			Student Organization Discrimination
		Conclusion
		Notes
Part 2: Introduction to the Case Studies
	Notes
	Chapter 7: Silent Incompliance at a Mid-Size Private University
		The Scene
		Absent Messages
			Students Are Unaware of Rights and Resources
			Students Feel Unsupported
			Students Remain Relatively Alone
		Vague Language
			Students Are Uninformed on Existing Resources
			Students Are Uncertain of What to Do
			School Looks Unprepared and Unwilling to Help
		Relational Discourse
			Silence is Perpetuated
			School Remains Unsupportive
		Conclusion
		Notes
	Chapter 8: Hospitality as Compliance at a Small Private College
		The Scene
		Commonplace Discourse
			Family Is Normalized on Campus
			School-Life Barrier Is Broken Down
			Pregnancy and Parenting Situations Are De-escalated
		Constitutive Rhetoric
			Campus Community Members Are Encouraged to Practice Support
			Panic among Pregnant Students Is Mitigated
		Inclusive Messages
			Sense of Belonging Is Affirmed
			Continued Education and Campus Involvement Are Facilitated
		Conclusion
		Notes
	Chapter 9: Structural Support and Insufficiencies at a Large State School
		The Scene
		Clear Structural Support
			Intentional Inclusion Is Shown
			Pregnant and Parenting Population Begins to Be Normalized
			Enduring Deficiencies May Be Masked
		Lack of Visual Presence
			Outreach to Students Is Limited
			Other Forms of Support Are Hindered
		Referral Messages
			Support Is Underutilized
			Responsibility to Support Is Passed On
		Conclusion
		Notes
	Chapter 10: Complying with Title IX Means Making Schools Supportive Spaces
		The Cycle of Under-Support
		Necessary Types of Support
			Structural Support
			Informational Support
			Tangible Support
			Network Support
			Emotional Support
		Using Communication to Build Supportive Spaces
			Interpersonal Communication
			Mass Communication
			Visual Communication
		The Duty to Support Pregnant and Parenting Students
		Notes
Bibliography
Index