Tinnitus Treatment: Clinical Protocols

Tinnitus Treatment: Clinical Protocols
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Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Videos
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
1 Neurophysiological Models, Psychological Models, and Treatments for Tinnitus
	1.1 What Is Tinnitus?
	1.2 Neurophysiological Models of Tinnitus
	1.3 Psychological Models of Tinnitus
	1.4 Categories of Tinnitus Treatments
	1.5 Counseling in the Treatment of Tinnitus
		1.5.1 Be Supportive
		1.5.2 Provide Information
		1.5.3 Components of Counseling
		1.5.4 Examples of Counseling Treatment Protocols
	1.6 Sound Therapies for Treating Patients’ Reactions to Tinnitus
		1.6.1 Counseling for Sound Therapies
		1.6.2 Use of Hearing Aids
		1.6.3 Music Therapy
		1.6.4 Hyperacusis
	1.7 Obstacles to Tinnitus Treatment
		1.7.1 Negative Beliefs by Clinicians or Patients
	1.8 Conclusion
	Appendix 1.1 Tinnitus
2 Treating Tinnitus in Patients with Otologic Conditions
	2.1 Treating Tinnitus in Patients with Meniere’s Disease
		2.1.1 Treatment Protocol
	2.2 Treating Tinnitus in Patientswith a Vestibular Schwannoma
		2.2.1 Treatment Protocols
	2.3 Treating Tinnitus in Patients with Unilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
		2.3.1 Early Intervention
		2.3.2 Information Regarding Mechanisms
		2.3.3 Hearing Therapy
		2.3.4 Treating Tinnitus Associated with Middle Ear Myoclonus
	2.4 Other Relevant Conditions
	2.5 Conclusion
3 Internet-Delivered Guided Self-Help Treatments for Tinnitus
	3.1 Background
		3.1.1 Tinnitus and Self-Help Material
	3.2 Internet-Delivered GuidedSelf-Help
		3.2.1 Technical Functionality of the Internet Platform
		3.2.2 Conducting Assessments
		3.2.3 Theoretical Foundation of the Intervention
		3.2.4 The Intervention Content
		3.2.5 Supporting Patients
		3.2.6 Fostering Adherence
	3.3 Evaluation of Internet-Interventions for Tinnitus and Potential Problems
		3.3.1 Effects of the Internet-Based Self-Help for Tinnitus
		3.3.2 Problems Related to Dropouts and Compliance
		3.3.3 Security and Technical Concerns
	3.4 Conclusion
	Appendix 3.1 Suggested Self-Help Resources for Tinnitus
	Appendix 3.2 Tinnitus Self-Treatment Brochure
4 Tinnitus Activities Treatment
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Patient Expectation Nurturing
		4.1.2 Picture-Based Counseling
		4.1.3 Patient-Centered Approach to Care
	4.2 Discussion
		4.2.1 Thoughts and Emotions
		4.2.2 Hearing and Communication
		4.2.3 Sleep
		4.2.4 Concentration
	4.3 Conclusion
	Appendix 4.1 Tinnitus Primary Functions Questionnaire (12-Item Version)
	Appendix 4.2 Things You Can Do for Your Tinnitus
	Appendix 4.3a Tinnitus Diary
	Appendix 4.3b Tinnitus Diary Example Case
	Appendix 4.4 Strategies to Improve Hearing and Communication
	Appendix 4.5 A Guide to a Good Night’s Sleep for Tinnitus Patients
	Appendix 4.6 Strategies to Improve Your Sleep
	Appendix 4.7 Strategies to Improve Concentration
	Appendix 4.8 Daily Listening Diary
5 Three-Track Tinnitus Protocol: Counseling Emphasizing the Patient, the Clinician, and the Alliance
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Protocol
		5.2.1 Making the Initial Contact
		5.2.2 The First Session: The Contract
		5.2.3 Working in the Tracks
	5.3 Conclusion
6 The Psychological Management of Tinnitus-Related Insomnia
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 The Cognitive Behavioral Model
		6.2.1 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Insomnia
		6.2.2 The CB Model, Tinnitus, and Sleep
	6.3 Group Therapy
	6.4 Selection and Definitions
	6.5 Assessment
		6.5.1 Questionnaire Measures
		6.5.2 Sleep Diaries
	6.6 Group Structure
	6.7 Treatment Protocol: Key Components
		6.7.1 Group Support
		6.7.2 Psychoeducation
		6.7.3 Individual Goal Setting
		6.7.4 Creating an Individualized Sleep Program
		6.7.5 Sleep Titration
		6.7.6 Stimulus Control
		6.7.7 Motivation and Video Modeling
		6.7.8 Relaxation
		6.7.9 Cognitive Restructuring (Cognitive Therapy)
		6.7.10 Worry Period
		6.7.11 Sleep Hygiene
		6.7.12 Sound Enrichment
		6.7.13 ClockWatching
	6.8 Conclusion
	Appendix 6.1 Relaxation Listening for Sleep
7 Optimizing Hearing Aid Fittings for Tinnitus Management
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Benefits, Modes, and Mechanisms
	7.3 Clinic Protocol
		7.3.1 Audiometry and Evaluation
		7.3.2 Aural Rehabilitation and Goal Setting
		7.3.3 Instruction
		7.3.4 Counseling
		7.3.5 Sensory Management: Selection of Hearing Aids and Their Features
		7.3.6 Perceptual Training
		7.3.7 Appointment Scheduling and Follow-Up
	7.4 Conclusion
8 Combining Sound Therapy with Amplification
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Sound Therapy Framework
		8.2.1 The Presence of Sound Effect
		8.2.2 The Context of Sound Effect
		8.2.3 Reaction to Sound Effect
		8.2.4 Adaptation to Sound
		8.2.5 WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
	8.3 Protocol
		8.3.1 Audiometry and Evaluation
		8.3.2 Aural Rehabilitation and Goal Setting
		8.3.3 Instruction
		8.3.4 Counseling
		8.3.5 Sensory Management: Selection and Use of Different Sounds
		8.3.6 Device Selection and Fitting
		8.3.7 Negative Effects
		8.3.8 Perceptual Training
		8.3.9 Follow-Up
		8.3.10 New and Emerging Concepts
	8.4 Conclusion
9 The Clinical Relevance of Apps for Tinnitus
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Apps for Tinnitus Assessment and Management
		9.2.1 Apps for Education and Information on Tinnitus
		9.2.2 Apps for Wellness
		9.2.3 Limitations and Risks Associated with Smartphone Apps
	9.3 Conclusions
10 Distractions, Relaxation, and Peace with Tinnitus: Guided Imagery, Meditation, Mindfulness, and More
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Meditation
	10.3 Mindfulness
	10.4 Guided Imagery
	10.5 Biofeedback
	10.6 Progressive Muscle Relaxation
	10.7 Art Therapy
	10.8 Music Therapy
	10.9 Exercise
	10.10 A New Hobby
	10.11 Conclusions
11 Tinnitus in Children
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Prevalence
	11.3 Etiology of Tinnitus in Children
	11.4 Factors that may Promote Tinnitus in Children
		11.4.1 Age
		11.4.2 Gender
		11.4.3 Hearing Loss
		11.4.4 Temporary Threshold Shifts
		11.4.5 Motion Sickness
		11.4.6 Hyperacusis
	11.5 Criteria of Tinnitus in Children
	11.6 Impact of Tinnitus on Children and Parents
	11.7 Evaluation
		11.7.1 History
		11.7.2 Physical Examination
		11.7.3 Audiological
		11.7.4 Laboratory Evaluations
		11.7.5 Radiological
	11.8 Preventing Tinnitus in Children
	11.9 Treatment Options
		11.9.1 Medical Treatment
		11.9.2 Surgical Treatment
		11.9.3 Counseling Treatment for Young Children
	11.10 Conclusion
12 Measuring Tinnitus and Reactions to Tinnitus
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Measuring Tinnitus
		12.2.1 Psychoacoustic Measurements
		12.2.2 Measuring Reactions to Tinnitus
	12.3 Measuring Quality of Life
		12.3.1 Measuring Related Problems
	12.4 Conclusions
	Appendix 12.1 Data Sheet
	Appendix 12.2 Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire
	Appendix 12.3 Tinnitus Intake Questionnaire
	Appendix 12.4 Meaning of Life and Happiness Questionnaire
	Appendix 12.5 Ordered References for Tinnitus Outcome Measures
13 Hyperacusis
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Terminology
	13.3 Causes
	13.4 Mechanisms
	13.5 Measuring Hyperacusis
	13.6 Questionnaires
	13.7 Treatments
		13.7.1 Counseling—Hyperacusis Activity Treatment
		13.7.2 Introduction
		13.7.3 Thoughts and Emotions
		13.7.4 Hearing and Communication
		13.7.5 Sleep
		13.7.6 Concentration
		13.7.7 Hearing Protection
		13.7.8 Sound Therapies
		13.7.9 Using Hearing Aids to Help with Hyperacusis
	13.8 Conclusion
	Appendix 13.1 Hyperacusis Problems Questionnaire
	Appendix 13.2 Hyperacusis Intake Questionnaire
	Appendix 13.3 Hyperacusis Disability and Handicap Scales
	Appendix 13.4 Life too Loud? Let’s Talk Hyperacusis
	Appendix 13.5 Hyperacusis Activities Treatment
	Appendix 13.6 Sound Therapy Treatment Protocol for Hyperacusis
	Appendix 13.7 Hyperacusis Listening Diary Example Case
14 Navigating Future Directions in Tinnitus Treatment
	14.1 Introduction
		14.1.1 What Should a Clinician Tell a Patient About Novel Treatment Methods?
	14.2 Neuromodulation—Magnetic Stimulation, Electric Stimulation
		14.2.1 What Is Magnetic Neuromodulation?
		14.2.2 Magnetic Stimulation and Tinnitus
		14.2.3 Caveats
		14.2.4 Electric Stimulation
		14.2.5 Electric Stimulation and Tinnitus
		14.2.6 Caveats
	14.3 Vagus Nerve Stimulation
		14.3.1 Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Tinnitus
		14.3.2 Caveats
	14.4 Neurofeedback
		14.4.1 Neurofeedback and Tinnitus
		14.4.2 Caveats
	14.5 Conclusions
15 Establishing a Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Clinic
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Structuring Clinical Services
		15.2.1 Group Educational Session
		15.2.2 Individual Sessions
	15.3 Different Treatment Levels for Different Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Patients
		15.3.1 Tinnitus
		15.3.2 Hyperacusis
	15.4 Billing for Tinnitus Services
	15.5 Conclusion
	Appendix 15.1 Shared Medical Visit Waiver
	Appendix 15.2 Tinnitus Intake Questionnaire
	Appendix 15.3 Tinnitus Treatment Fact Sheet
Index
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