Time and Fractals: Perspectives in Economics, Entrepreneurship, and Management (Contributions to Management Science)

Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
An Introduction to Time and Fractals: Perspectives in Economics, Entrepreneurship, and Management
	References
Part I: Time
	Time Series Analysis of Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Machine Learning Approach Using GEM Data
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Framework
			2.1 Entrepreneurial Orientation and Its Dimensions
			2.2 Entrepreneurial Orientation and Gender Differences
			2.3 An Overview of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Low-Income and High-Income Countries
		3 Methodology
			3.1 Sample and Data Collection
			3.2 Data Analysis and Results
				3.2.1 EO´s Temporal Changes Based on Countries´ Income
				3.2.2 EO´s Temporal Changes Based on Gender
				3.2.3 Correlation
				3.2.4 OLS Regression Procedure
				3.2.5 Time Series Predictive Models
		4 Conclusions and Discussion
		5 Contributions, Limitations, and Future Research
		References
	A Theoretical Research on the Effectiveness of Time Management in Dynamics of Employee-Organization Relationship
		1 Introduction
		2 Conceptualization of Employee-Organization Relationship
			2.1 Employee/Individual
			2.2 Employment Relationship
			2.3 Organizational Context
		3 Theoretical Framework of Employee-Organization Relationship
		4 Conceptualization of Time Management
		5 Theoretical Framework of Time Management
		6 Time Management Approaches
		7 A Review of Literature
		8 Necessary Skills for the Realization of Organizational Time Management
			8.1 Organizational (Manager´s) Skills in Realizing Time Management Process
			8.2 Individual Skills in Realizing Time Management Process
		9 Time Management Effectiveness in Employee-Organization Relationships Clarifying Commonalities Between TM and EOR
			9.1 Manager Clarification and Foresight in Strategic Decision-Making
			9.2 Manager´s Futurology Path
			9.3 Stress Management
			9.4 Creativity and Innovation
			9.5 Work-Family Flexibility
			9.6 Job Satisfaction
			9.7 Organizational Performance Improvement
		10 Discussion
		11 Conclusion
		12 Recommendations for Future Research
		13 Operational Guidelines for Organization Managers
		References
	The Degradation of Goals over Time: How Ambiguity and Managerial Cognition Shape Distributions of Project Time and Cost with E...
		1 Information States, Cognitions, and Decisions
			1.1 Evidence Linking Information States to Overruns in a Cognitive-Technical System
		2 How Overruns Emerge from the Interaction Between Project Structure and Managerial Cognition
			2.1 Cognition: The Project Manager-Decision-Maker
			2.2 Characteristics of the Project Technical System
			2.3 Parent Organizations, Customers, and Subcontractors
		3 Improving the Management of a System of Ambiguity and Cognition
			3.1 Improved Modeling
			3.2 Create a Learning Organization
			3.3 Improve Communication and Negotiation Among Project Decision Makers
			3.4 Simplify: Reduce Interdependencies and Complexity
			3.5 Study Other Projects
			3.6 Delay Some Decisions
		4 Conclusion
		Appendix
		References
	Time to Respond: Identification, Proximity, and Safety at Work
		1 Introduction
		2 Safety Models
		3 Foundations
		4 The Model Elements in More Detail
		5 Additional Influences and the Identification-Proximity Relationship
		6 Model Summary
		7 Conclusion
		Appendix
			Applying the Model
		References
Part II: Fractals
	Fractals and Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling in Energy Economics: A Comprehensive Overview
		1 Introduction
		2 Fractal in Energy Economics: Study of Methodological Developments
			2.1 Fractal Methodology and Developments
				2.1.1 Fractal Methodology: Basic Techniques
				2.1.2 Fractal Methodology: Developments in Energy Economics
			2.2 Fractal Methodology in Energy Economics: Research Gap
		3 Fractal and Nonlinear Modeling of Energy Economics: A Thematic Analysis of Studies
			3.1 Literature Review
				3.1.1 Before the 2000s
				3.1.2 The 2000s (2000-2009)
				3.1.3 The 2010s (2010-2019)
				3.1.4 The 2020s (2020-Until Now)
			3.2 Fractal in Energy Economic Studies: Thematically Research Gap
		4 Conclusion
		References
	COVID-19 and Fractal Characteristics in Energy Markets: Evidence from US Energy Price Time Series
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
		3 US Energy Markets and COVID-19 Pandemic
		4 Methodology
		5 Empirical Results
		6 Discussion
		7 Conclusion and Policy Implications
		References
	Fractal Organizations and Employee-Organization Relationship Dynamics
		1 Introduction
		2 Chaos and Evolution in Management Systems: An Example of Human Systems
		3 Theoretical Literature of EOR
		4 Theoretical Literature of Fractal and Fractal Organization
			4.1 Fractal Patterns
		5 Commonalities Between EOR and Fractal Organization as the Facilitator of Desirability and Dynamics of Organizational Relatio...
			5.1 The Requirement to Have a Pattern of Organizational Behavior
			5.2 The Integrity of Goals and the Unity of Individuals´ and Organization´s Interests
			5.3 Requirements of Nucor Corporation
			5.4 The Importance of the Individual´s Role
			5.5 The Structure of Governing Interpersonal and Organizational Relationships
			5.6 Dynamics of Information and Background Knowledge of Dynamics of Relationships in Fractal Organizations
			5.7 The Importance of Mutual Trust as a Facilitating Factor
		6 The Necessity of Fractal Dynamic Behavior in Optimal Management of Employee-Organization Relationships
		7 Discussion
		8 Conclusion
		References
Index