Through the Lens of Anthropology: An Introduction to Human Evolution and Culture

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Boxes
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Preface
Note to Instructors
Note to Students
CHAPTER 1 Introduction: Viewing the World through the Lens of Anthropology
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Defining Anthropology, Defining Human, and Defining Culture
	The Four Fields and Applied Anthropology
	The Anthropological Perspective
	History of Anthropology, Mostly in North America
	Anthropology, Colonialism, and Decolonization
	Situating Anthropology
	The Importance of Anthropology in an Increasingly Connected World
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 2 We Are Primates: The Primate Background
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Primate Taxonomy
	Primate Evolution
	Primate Behavior
	Primates in Crisis: Ecological Stability and Critical Thinking
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 3 Evolutionary Thought and Theory
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	The Nature of Science
	History of Evolutionary Thought and Theory
	Modern Evolutionary Theory
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 4 Human Biological Evolution
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Palaeoanthropology—Methods, Concepts, and Issues
	Defining Hominins
	Becoming Bipedal
	The First Hominins
	The Genus Homo
	Summary of Trends in Human Biological Evolution
	The Concept of Race
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 5 Cultural Diversity from 2.5 Million to 20,000 Years Ago
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	The Archaeological Record
	Problems of Archaeological Visibility, Bias, and Loaded Language
	Overview of Cultural Change to 20,000 Years Ago
	Expanding Territories
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 6 Cultural Diversity from 20,000 to 5,000 Years Ago
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Principal Cultural Periods
	Archaeology of North America from 20,000 to 5,000 Years Ago
	The Transition to Food Production
	Settlement and Technology
	Changes in Social and Political Systems
	Civilizations, Writing, and Art
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 7 Archaeology of the Last 5,000 Years
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Ancient Civilizations
	Population Estimates, Continued Colonization, and Maintaining Diversity
	The Last 5,000 Years in North America
	Archaeology of Recent Times, Excluding Civilizations
	World Heritage
	Archaeology of the Contemporary World
	Pseudoarchaeology
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 8 Studying Culture
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	The Culture Concept
	Race and Ethnicity
	Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
	Cultural Adaptation and Maladaptation
	The Functions of Culture
	Fieldwork Methods and Ethics
	Applied Anthropology
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 9 Language and Culture
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Language and Communication: Signs and Symbols
	Language Origins
	Studying Language through the Lens of Anthropology
	Nonverbal Communication
	Ethnolinguistics
	Language in the Digital Age
	Language Change and Loss
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 10 Food-Getting and Economics
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Adaptive Strategies: Food Foragers and Food Producers
	Food Foragers
	Economic Resources: Who Gets What and How?
	Food Producers
	The Human Diet
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 11 Marriage, Family, and Gender
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Marriage
	Spouses: How Many and Who Is Eligible?
	Family Residence Patterns
	Marriage as Economic Exchange
	Kinship
	Gender Roles: Patterned by Culture
	Sexual Identity
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 12 Political Organization
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Power, Authority, and Prestige
	Social Controls and Conflict Resolution
	Types of Political Organization
	Social Inequality
	Violence and War
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 13 Supernaturalism
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	Defining Religion
	Sacred Roles
	Religious Practitioners
	Religious Resistance
	Supernatural Beliefs and Cultural Expression
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 14 Anthropology and Sustainability
	LEARNING OBJECTIVES
	Introduction
	History of Human-Environmental Relations
	Defining Sustainability
	Anthropological Approaches to Sustainability Studies
	Issues in Sustainability Studies
	How Can Anthropologists Help?
	SUMMARY
	REVIEW QUESTIONS
	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Glossary
References
Index
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