This Is Bioethics

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
About the Authors
Preface and Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction to Ethics
	1.1 Religion and Ethics
	1.2 Law and Ethics
		1.2.1 Legal and Moral Rights
	1.3 Ethical Relativism
	1.4 Why be Ethical?
Chapter 2 Ethical Theory
	2.1 Virtue Ethics
	2.2 Feminist Ethics
	2.3 Utilitarian Ethics
	2.4 Rule-Based Ethics
	2.5 'Georgetown Mantra'
		2.5.1 Non-Maleficence
		2.5.2 Beneficence
		2.5.3 Respect for Autonomy
		2.5.4 Justice
	2.6 Contract Theory
Chapter 3 Basics of Bioethics
	3.1 History and Scope of Bioethics
	3.2 Who Can Claim to be a Bioethicist?
	3.3 Organizations and Journals
	3.4 Policy Advice
	3.6 Playing God
	3.7 Unnatural and Abnormal
	3.8 Dignity
	3.9 Nazi Arguments in Bioethics
	3.10 Slippery-Slope Arguments
	3.11 Treating Someone as a Means
Chapter 4 Moral Standing: What Matters
	4.1 Moral Standing and Moral Status
	4.2 Species Membership
	4.3 Sentientism
	4.4 Capabilities
	4.5 Biocentrism
	4.6 Holism
	4.7 The Future
Chapter 5 Beginning of Life
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Ethical Arguments about Reproductive Rights and Responsibilities
		5.2.1 Reproductive Autonomy and the Right to Reproduce
		5.2.2 Consequentialism and Procreative Beneficence
		5.2.3 'Do No Harm' and the Person-Affecting Restriction
		5.2.4 The Non-Identity Problem
		5.2.5 Virtue Ethics
		5.2.6 Feminist Bioethics
	5.3 Issues in Assisted Reproduction
		5.3.1 Genetic Relatedness: How Important Is It?
		5.3.2 Issues of Selection in Reproduction
	5.4 Embryos, Fetuses and Abortion
		5.4.1 Fetuses
		5.4.2 Judith Jarvis Thomson and the Violinist
		5.4.3 The 'Future-Like-Ours' Argument
		5.4.4 The Impairment Argument Against Abortion
		5.4.5 Women's Character
		5.4.6 Abortion and Fetal Transplants
		5.4.7 Savior Siblings
		5.4.8 Infants and Infanticide
		5.4.9 Severely Disabled Infants
		5.4.10 Acts and Omissions
		5.4.11 Newborn Screening
Chapter 6 Health Care Professional-Patient Relationship
	6.1 Informed Consent
	6.2 Paternalism
	6.3 Deciding for Others
		6.3.1 Deciding for Others: Advance Directives
		6.3.2 Deciding for Others: Patients Who Never Had Capacity
		6.3.3 Deciding for Others: Incapacitated Patients without Advance Directives
	6.4 Truth Telling
	6.5 Confidentiality
	6.6 Conscience Matters
	6.7 Duty to Treat
Chapter 7 Research Ethics
	7.1 Elements of Ethical Research
	7.2 Clinical Research: The Basics
	7.3 Animal Experiments
	7.4 Informed Consent
	7.5 Trial-Related Injuries
	7.6 Benefits
	7.7 Benefiting from Evil
	7.8 Ethical Issues Affecting Clinical Research Involving the Catastrophically Ill
	7.9 Developing World
		7.9.1 Utility of Research Question
		7.9.2 Standards of Care
Chapter 8 Genetics
	8.1 Genetics and Genomics
		8.1.1 Introduction – Genetics, Genomics and Bioethics: Is Genetics Special?
		8.1.2 Issues in Clinical Genetics: Genetic Testing and Counseling
			8.1.2.1 Non-Directiveness
			8.1.2.2 Children
			8.1.2.3 Genetic Screening
			8.1.2.4 Direct-to-Consumer Testing
	8.2 Gene Therapy: Somatic and Germline
		8.2.1 Is There a Need for Germline Gene Therapy?
		8.2.2 Risks and Irreversible Consequences
		8.2.3 Future Generations and Lack of Consent
		8.2.4 The Iconic Significance of the Germline
		8.2.5 Gene Editing
	8.3 Genomic Research
		8.3.1 The Human Genome Project
		8.3.2 Biobanks
		8.3.3 Feedback of Findings
	8.4 Personalized Medicine
		8.4.1 Human Cloning – Therapeutic Cloning
		8.4.2 Reproductive Cloning
	8.5 Other Issues in Genetics and Genomics
Chapter 9 Enhancement
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Enhancement and Superhumans
	9.3 The Meaning of Enhancement
		9.3.1 Enhancement and Improvement
	9.4 Alternatives to the 'Improvement' Account
		9.4.1 Therapy–Enhancement Distinction
		9.4.2 Species-Normal Functioning
			9.4.2.1 Quantitative Account of Enhancement
		9.4.3 Enhancement: The Umbrella View
	9.5 Ethical Issues
		9.5.1 Is Enhancement Necessary?
		9.5.2 Enhancement is Inevitable
		9.5.3 A Compromise Position?
		9.5.4 Autonomy
		9.5.5 The Habermasian Concern
	9.6 Social Inequalities and Social Justice
		9.6.1 Consequences for the Future of Humans
	9.7 Moral Enhancement
	9.8 Cognitive Enhancement
Chapter 10 Mental Health
	10.1 Mental Illness
	10.2 Diagnosis
	10.3 Autonomy and Capacity
	10.4 Least Restrictive Option
	10.5 Best Interests
	10.6 Treatment and Detention
		10.6.1 Detention for the Good of the Service User
		10.6.2 Detention for the Protection of Others
Chapter 11 End of Life
	11.1 Do You Want to Live Forever?
	11.2 Terminology
	11.3 Case for the Decriminalization of Assisted Dying
	11.4 The Case Against the Decriminalization of Assisted Dying
		11.4.1 In-Principle Reasons Against Assistance in Dying
		11.4.2 Slippery-Slope Reasons Against Assistance in Dying
			11.4.2.1 Pereira v. Downie
	11.5 Violation of Health Care Professional Values and Traditions
Chapter 12 Justice and Health Care
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Types of Justice
		12.2.1 Justice and Discrimination
		12.2.2 Justice in Distribution
		12.2.3 Procedural Justice
		12.2.4 Justice and Exploitation
	12.3 The Concept of Justice and its Connection With Equality
		12.3.1 Justice and Equality: Equal Treatment and Equal Consideration
		12.3.2 Justice, 'Deserving', and Personal Responsibility
		12.3.3 Justice is Giving People What They Need
	12.4 Theories of Justice
		12.4.1 Utility and Well-Being
		12.4.2 Respect for Persons: Rights to Health and Health Care
		12.4.3 John Rawls and Norman Daniels
		12.4.4 The Capabilities Approach
	12.5 Special Cases
		12.5.1 Personalized Medicine and Justice
Chapter 13 Population Health
	13.1 Global Health Issues
	13.2 Health Aid Obligations
		13.2.1 Allocation Priorities
	13.3 Population Health and Public Health
	13.4 Communicable Disease Control Challenges
		13.4.1 Take One: Michael Johnson is Not Culpable
		13.4.2 Take Two: Michael Johnson is Culpable
		13.4.3 Take Three: Shared Responsibility
		13.4.4 Deterrence
		13.4.5 Private Acts and Social Consequences
		13.4.6 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic
		13.4.7 Vaccines
	13.5 Public Health Promotion
		13.5.1 Communicable Disease: HIV
		13.5.2 Non-Communicable Disease: Obesity
Bibliography
Further Reading
Index
EULA