Thermoplastic materials : properties, manufacturing methods, and applications

 Content: Introduction and History of the Plastics Industry Definition and Types Overview of the Plastics Industry Areas of Application of Plastics Chronology of the Thermoplastics (Plastics) Industry: The Need Factor  Current Trends in the Plastics Industry  References Raw Materials and Their Sources: ''The Plastics Tree'' Sources and Raw Materials of Polymers and Plastics Compounding and Property Enhancement Processing of Polymers and Plastics References Basic Structures and Characteristics of Polymers and Plastics Chemical Bonding in Polymers and Plastics Ionization Potential and Chemical Bonding Major Types of Chemical Bonding in Polymers and Plastics Structural Units in Polymers (Plastics Resins)  References Molecular Weight of Polymers Introduction Molecular Weight Distribution Average Molecular Weight of Polymers References Polymerization (Resinification) Methods  Chemistry of Reaction of Monomer(s) Involved with Respect to Toxicity, Flammability, and Odor  Heat of Polymerization Removal Capacity of System Bulk Polymerization Solution Polymerization Emulsion Polymerization Suspension Polymerization References Crystallinity and Crystallization in Polymers and Plastics  Definitions, Concepts, Etc  Specific Volume and Crystallinity Crystallization Kinetics Determination of Degree or Percentage Crystallinity-DSC; XRD, etc  Practical Applications of Crystallinity and Crystallization in the Polymers and Plastics Industries  References  Classification of Thermoplastics  Commodity or General Purpose Thermoplastics  Quasi-Commodity Thermoplastics  Engineering Thermoplastic Materials  Specialty Thermoplastic Materials  New and Emerging Materials  References Permeability and Environmental-Stress-Cracking Resistance of Thermoplastics: Barrier Properties and Packaging Applications of Polymers Permeability and Packaging Modified-Atmosphere Packaging Technology  Permeability and ESCR of Thermoplastics  Problem  References  Polyolefins: Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Their Copolymers Chronology of Polyolefins Revisited  The Polyolefin Family  Raw Materials  Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for Polyethylenes  Unique Properties of Polyethylene  Materials Selection of Polyethylenes  Processing and Applications of Polyethylenes  References  Polypropylene  Overview and Chronology  Raw Materials for Polypropylene  Manufacturing of Polypropylene  Unique Properties of Polypropylene Material Selection Parameters for Polypropylene  Applications of Polypropylene  Polypropylene Fibers  References Olefin Copolymers of Ethylene and Propylene  EPM: Ethylene-Propylene Monomer Rubber  EPDM: Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber  Copolymers  Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers Ionomers: Copolymers and Terpolymers  Ethylene-Ester Copolymers  References  The Vinyls: PVC and Copolymers  Chronology of PVC Revisited  The Vinyl Family  Raw Materials for PVC Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for PVC  Unique Properties of PVC Material Selection of PVC  Processing and Applications of PVC  Common Copolymers of PVC Trends in PVC Formulations  Susceptibility to PVC Exposure  Future Look: A Health Concern Addendum  References  Polystyrene and Copolymers  The Styrene Family  Polystyrene  Chronology of Polystyrene Revisited  Raw Materials for Polystyrene  Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for Polystyrene  Properties and Characteristics of Polystyrene Combustion of Polystyrene Processing and Applications of Polystyrene Styrene-Acrylonitrile Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer Resin K-Resin (Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer) Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate Terpolymer  Styrene-Butadiene Rubber  References Acrylic (Acrylate) Family Chronology of PMMA Revisited The Acrylic Family and Their Raw Materials Polymethyl Methacrylate  Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for PMMA  Unique Properties of PMMA  Materials Selection of PMMA  Processing and Applications of PMMA  Common Copolymers of MMA References Polyester Family The Thermoplastic Polyester Family Polyethylene Terephthalate Raw Materials and Manufacturing Method of PET Unique Properties and Characteristics of PET Resins Processing and Applications of Polyethylene Terephthalate  Polybutylene Terephthalate  Polyethylene Naphthalate  New Thermoplastic Polyester Resins  The Extended Polyester Family: Biodegradable Polyester Material  References Nylon (Polyamide) Family Chronology of Nylon: Revisited The Nylon (Polyamide) Family  Raw Materials and Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for Nylons Unique Characteristics of Nylons Processing and Applications of Nylons  The Extended Polyamide Family: Semi-Aromatic and Aromatic Polyamides References Polycarbonates Polycarbonates: Overview Raw Materials and Manufacturing Methods for Polycarbonates Unique Properties of Polycarbonates Processing of Polycarbonate Resins Applications of Polycarbonate Resins Polycarbonate Resins Case Study: Environmental and Health Impact of Bisphenol A: An Ethical Perspective Conclusion  References  Polyacetals  Overview  Raw Materials and Manufacturing Method of Polyacetal  Unique Properties of Polyacetal  Problems of Polyacetal  Processing and Applications of Polyacetal  References  Polyphenylene Sulfides  Polyphenylene Sulfides  Raw Materials and Manufacture of PPS Unique Properties Processing and Applications of Polyphenylene Sulfides References Fluorocarbons (Teflon Family)  The Fluorocarbon Family (Teflon)  Polytetrafluoroethylene  References Liquid Crystalline Polymers  LCP Overview  LCP Types Raw Materials and Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for LCP Unique Properties of Liquid Crystalline Polymers Processing and Applications of LCPs  References  Polysulfones  Polysulfone Family (PSU)  Raw Materials and Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for Polysulfones  Unique Properties of Polysulfones Processing and Applications of Polysulfones References Polyimide Family Polyetherimide: Overview Raw Materials and Manufacturing Method Unique Properties of Polyetherimide Processing of PEI Applications of PEI References PEEK PEEK: Overview Raw Materials and Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for PEEK Unique Properties Processing and Applications of PEEK References Polyphenylene Oxide Polyphenylene Oxide Raw Materials and Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for PPO Unique Properties of PPOs Processing and Applications of PPO References Cellulosics Cellulosics: Overview Raw Materials and Manufacturing (Polymerization) Methods for Cellulosics Unique Properties Processing and Applications of Cellulosics References Functionalized Thermoplastic and Elastomers Terminology and Definitions Chemical Reactions of Polymers Functionalizing of Inert Polymers and Fillers Thermoplastic Elastomers Blends and Alloys Compatibilization Functionalized Thermoplastics and Elastomers References Plastics Nanocomposites Introduction Major Types of Nanocomposites Processing Challenges of Nanocomposites Process Optimization References Plastics and Sustainability: A Life Cycle Cost Analysis Approach Introduction Life Cycle Analysis Format LCA Steps Impact Assessment LCA Interpretation LCA Benefits References Index