Thermal systems design : fundamentals and projects

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Chapter 1 Thermodynamics
	1.1 Units of Measure
	1.2 Mass/Force Unit Conversion
	1.3 Standard Temperature and Pressure
	1.4 Control Mass, Control Volume
	1.5 Laws of Thermodynamics
	1.6 Conservation Laws
	1.7 Thermodynamic Variable Categories
	1.8 Ideal Gas Law
	1.9 History of Temperature
	1.10 Thermodynamic States
	1.11 Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy
	1.12 Availability (Exergy)
	1.13 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 2 Fluid Mechanics
	2.1 Viscosity, Shear, Velocity
	2.2 Hydrostatics, Buoyancy
	2.3 The Continuity Equation
	2.4 Mass, Volume, Mole Flows
	2.5 Reynolds Number, Velocity Profiles
	2.6 The Momentum Equation
	2.7 Bernoulli's Equation
	2.8 Stagnation, Static, Dynamic Pressure
	2.9 Friction Factor, Hydraulic Diameter
	2.10 Moody Chart, Chen Equation
	2.11 Modified Bernoulli Equation
	2.12 Alternate Moody Charts
	2.13 Entry Effects, Minor Losses
	2.14 Porous Media Pressure Drop
	2.15 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 3 Heat Transfer
	3.1 Fourier's Law
	3.2 Newton's Law of Cooling
	3.3 The Stefan–Boltzmann Law
	3.4 The Energy Equation
	3.5 The Entropy Equation
	3.6 Electricity Analogy for Heat
	3.7 Film, Mean Temperature
	3.8 Nusselt, Prandtl Numbers
	3.9 Flows Across Tube Banks
	3.10 ``Gotcha´´ Variables
	3.11 Radiation and Natural Convection
	3.12 Radiant Exchange
	3.13 Types of Heat Exchangers
	3.14 Heat Exchanger Fundamentals
	3.15 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
	3.16 LMTD Method
	3.17 Effectiveness-NTU Method
	3.18 Porous Media Heat Transfer
	3.19 External Convection to Individual Spheres and Cylinders
	3.20 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 4 Introduction to Combustion
	4.1 Fuels for Combustion
	4.2 Air for Combustion
	4.3 Atomic and Molar Mass
	4.4 Balancing Chemical Equations
	4.5 Stoichiometry and Equivalence Ratio
	4.6 The Atom Equations
	4.7 Sensible and Chemical Enthalpies
	4.8 Thermochemical Property Tables
	4.9 Enthalpy of Combustion
	4.10 Enthalpy Datum States
	4.11 Adiabatic Combustion Temperature
	4.12 Equilibrium and Kinetics
	4.13 Pollutant Formation and Control
	4.14 Combustion Safety Fundamentals
	4.15 Other Topics in Combustion
	4.16 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 5 Process Flow Diagrams
	5.1 Intelligent CAD
	5.2 Equipment
	5.3 Process Lines
	5.4 Valves and Instruments
	5.5 Nonengineering Items
	5.6 Heat and Material Balance
	5.7 PFD Techniques
	5.8 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 6 Advanced Thermodynamics
	6.1 Equations of State
	6.2 Thermodynamic Property Diagrams
	6.3 Gibbs, Helmholtz, and Maxwell
	6.4 Equations of State
	6.5 Boiling and Condensation
	6.6 Psychrometry
	6.7 Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium for NH3+H2O Mixtures
	6.8 Efficiency vs Effectiveness
	6.9 Space vs Time
	6.10 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 7 Burners and Heat Recovery
	7.1 Burners
	7.2 Combustion Safeguarding
	7.3 Thermal Oxidizers
	7.4 Destruction Efficiency
	7.5 Recuperators and Regenerators
	7.6 Packed-bed Heat Storage
	7.7 Heat Exchanger Discretization
	7.8 Thermal Destruction of Airborne Pathogens
	7.9 Special Atmosphere Heat Treating
	7.10 Burner and Heat Exchanger Failures
	7.11 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 8 Boilers and Power Cycles
	8.1 Rankine Cycle
	8.2 Boiler Terminology
	8.3 Efficiency Improvement
	8.4 Controls and Safeguards
	8.5 Blowdown and Water Treatment
	8.6 Air Pollutant Reduction
	8.7 Organic Rankine Cycle
	8.8 Boiler Failure Analysis
	8.9 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 9 Combustion Turbines
	9.1 Turbomachinery
	9.2 Brayton Cycle
	9.3 Polytropic Processes
	9.4 Isentropic Efficiency
	9.5 Gas Property Relationships
	9.6 Reheating, Intercooling
	9.7 Recuperation
	9.8 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 10 Refrigeration and Heat Pumps
	10.1 Vapor Refrigeration Cycle
	10.2 Gas Refrigeration Cycle
	10.3 Heat Pump Efficiency
	10.4 Sizing and Energy Usage
	10.5 Refrigerants
	10.6 Compressors
	10.7 Air Handlers
	10.8 Refrigeration Control
	10.9 Coil Defrost
	10.10 Compressorless Refrigeration
	10.11 Thermoelectric Coolers
	10.12 Refrigeration System Failures
	10.13 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 11 Other Thermal Systems
	11.1 Solar Fluid Heating
	11.2 Fluid Heaters
	11.3 Evaporative Cooling
	11.4 Geothermal Heat Sink
	11.5 Thermal Energy Storage
	11.6 Thick-layer Product Dehydration
	11.7 Desalination
	11.8 Steam Sterilization
	11.9 Espresso Machine
	11.10 Hot Air Balloon
	11.11 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 12 Pipe and Fluid Mover Analysis
	12.1 Fluid Mover Categories
	12.2 Conveying Means Categories
	12.3 Leak Prevention
	12.4 Pressure Rise and Drop
	12.5 Electricity Analogy for Flow
	12.6 Piping Network Rules
	12.7 Blower and System Curves
	12.8 Pump and Blower Work
	12.9 Compressibility in Long Pipes
	12.10 Chimney Effect
	12.11 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 13 Thermal Protection
	13.1 Refractory Ceramics
	13.2 Refractory Metals
	13.3 Thermal Insulation
	13.4 Radiative-Convective Insulation Systems
	13.5 Skin Contact Burns
	13.6 Protection Against Thermal Expansion
	13.7 Protection Against Thermal Shock
	13.8 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 14 Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
	14.1 Design Packages
	14.2 Temperature Sensors
	14.3 Pressure Sensors
	14.4 Flow Sensors
	14.5 Level Sensors
	14.6 Exhaust Gas Analyzers
	14.7 Combustion Safety Instruments
	14.8 Valves and Actuators
	14.9 ISA Tag Glossary
	14.10 P&ID Techniques
	14.11 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 15 Control of Thermal Systems
	15.1 Control Nomenclature
	15.2 Thermostatic Control
	15.3 PID Control
	15.4 Safety Controls and Interlocks
	15.5 Sequencing Control
	15.6 Ladder Logic
	15.7 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 16 Process Safety
	16.1 Safety Terminology
	16.2 Safety Hierarchy
	16.3 Safeguards and Warnings
	16.4 History of Safety Standards
	16.5 Process Hazard Analysis
	16.6 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 17 Process Quality Methods
	17.1 Quality Terminology
	17.2 Advanced Statistical Methods for Quality in Thermal Processes
	17.3 Management of Change for Quality, Stewardship, and Safety
	17.4 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Chapter 18 Procurement, Operation, and Maintenance
	18.1 Engineering Design Deliverable
	18.2 Engineering Data Sheets
	18.3 Construction and Commissioning
	18.4 Inspection, Maintenance, and Training
	18.5 Operation and Maintenance Manual
	18.6 Homework Problems
	Cited References
Appendix A Property Tables
	A.1 Properties of Air (Gas, 3.76 N2+1.00 O2, by Mole)
	A.2 Properties of Nitrogen (Gas)
	A.3 Properties of Oxygen (Gas)
	A.4 Properties of Water (Liquid–Vapor)
	A.5 Properties of Carbon Dioxide (Liquid–Vapor)
	A.6 Properties of Helium (Gas)
	A.7 Properties of Methane (Gas)
	A.8 Properties of Hydrogen (Gas)
	A.9 Properties of Propane (Liquid–Vapor)
	A.10 Properties of R32 (Liquid–Vapor)
	A.11 Properties of R134a (Liquid–Vapor)
	A.12 Properties of R717 Ammonia (Liquid–Vapor)
	A.13 Properties of Saturated Ammonia–Water Mixtures (Liquid–Vapor)
	A.14 Properties of Single-Phase (Liquid, Gas) Ammonia–Water Mixtures
	Cited References
Appendix B Excel (VBA) Custom Functions
	B.1 Chen Equation and Friction Factor (Chapter 2)
	B.2 Equilibrium Constant and Water Gas Shift Reaction (Chapter 4)
	B.3 Enthalpy of Combustion Gases (Chapter 4)
		Caution
	B.4 VBA Functions for Water [Liquid+Vapor] (Chapter 6)
		Caution
	B.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Humid Air (Chapter 6)
	B.6 Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia–Water Mixtures (Chapter 6)
	B.7 Iterative Solution for Von Platen Mixer (Chapter 10)
	Cited References
Index
EULA