Thermal Infrared Characterization of Ground Targets and Backgrounds

Content: Introduction --
1. Sensor systems --
1.1. Active sensor systems --
1.2. Passive sensor systems --
1.3. Active versus passive sensor systems --
References --
2. Radiation terminology and units --
2.1. Definitions and spatial relationships. 2.1.1. Blackbody radiation
 2.1.2. Blackbody spectral emittance: Planck's radiation law
 2.1.3. Wein displacement law
 2.1.4. Stefan-Boltzmann law
 2.1.5. Gray bodies --
2.2. Intrinsic radiation terms --
2.3. Atmospheric Propagation --
2.4. Range-dependent radiation terms --
2.5. Target-to-background contrast --
References --
3. Introduction to target detection --
3.1. IR detection process. 3.1.1. Target-to-background radiation contrast
 3.1.2. Attenuation processes
 3.1.3. IR systems
 3.1.4. Detection system --
3.2. Point target detection --
3.3. Extended target --
3.4. Signature variations --
3.5. Thermal contrast considerations --
References. 4. Theory of heat and mass transfer --
4.1. Surface-atmospheric boundary layer --
4.2. Heat and mass transfer --
4.3. The heat-balance equation .4.3.1. Solar heating
 4.3.2. Long-wave radiation exchange
 4.3.3. Surface emittance Es
 4.3.4. Convective heat exchange Qc
 4.3.5. Heat exchange by evaporation/condensation Qec --
4.4. First principles modeling. 4.4.1. Model definition
 4.4.2. Sensitivity analysis
 4.4.3. Pros and cons --
References --
5. Meteorological and atmospheric parameters --
5.1. Meteorological sensors and measurements --
5.2. SCORPIO infrared sky radiance distribution --
References --
6. Infrared calibration procedures --
6.1. Calibration methodology --
6.2. Calibration parameters --
6.3. Calibration procedures guidelines. 6.3.1. Blackbodies and target in the same image
 6.3.2. Blackbodies and target at different ranges
 6.3.3. Blackbodies and target in different images --
6.4. Practical example --
References. 7. Infrared signature characterization --
7.1. Target signatures. 7.1.1. Field measurement of the long wave reflection coefficient
 7.1.2. Measurement of thermal target signatures in the field
 7.1.3. IR target modeling --
7.2. IR background characterization. 7.2.1. Field measurement of the shortwave reflection coefficient
 7.2.2. Measurement of background apparent temperatures --
7.3. Background temperature statistics. 7.3.1. Background temperature distributions
 7.3.2. Statistical temperature differences between 3-5 mm and 8-12 mm
 7.3.3. Background temperature curve fitting
 7.3.4. Pros and cons --
References --
8. Signature management --
8.1. Target and background signature analysis --
8.2. Thermal signatures of materials --
8.3. Mobile camouflage systems --
8.4. Thermal camouflage of personnel --
References --
Index.