The West: A Narrative History, Volume Two: Since 1400

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 6
Copyright Page......Page 7
Contents......Page 10
Documents......Page 18
Maps......Page 22
Key Questions......Page 24
Preface......Page 26
Acknowledgments......Page 30
Note on Dates and Spelling......Page 34
About the Authors......Page 38
Introduction......Page 40
KEY QUESTION | Does respect for history inspire or retard change?......Page 50
The Context for the Renaissance......Page 51
The Culture of the Renaissance......Page 56
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Isabella d’Este and Elisabetta Gonzaga (1472–1526)......Page 63
The Northern Renaissance......Page 68
The Middle East: The Ottoman Empire......Page 73
Europe and Atlantic Exploration......Page 78
Key Question Revisited......Page 85
Further Reading......Page 86
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 87
KEY QUESTION | How should conflicts over values and ideologies be managed?......Page 90
The Lutheran Reformation......Page 91
The Swiss Reformation......Page 98
The Catholic Reformation......Page 103
The Habsburg-Valois Wars......Page 105
England’s Ambivalent Reformation......Page 106
Convergence of Foreign and Domestic Politics: England, Spain, and France......Page 110
The Final Religious Upheavals......Page 116
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | William Shakespeare (1564–1616)......Page 117
Key Question Revisited......Page 125
Activities......Page 126
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 127
PART FIVE: The Revolutionary Impulse......Page 129
KEY QUESTION | How do political systems reflect the structure of social and economic life?......Page 132
Society in Early Modern Europe......Page 133
Forging Centralized States......Page 137
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | King James I as Political Theorist......Page 139
Absolutism in France......Page 140
Constitutionalism in England......Page 145
Wars of Empire and Global Markets......Page 147
Central and Eastern Europe......Page 150
Europe’s Declining Powers......Page 153
Key Question Revisited......Page 157
Activities......Page 158
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 159
KEY QUESTION | How does the study of the natural world influence religious belief and the understanding of truth?......Page 162
The Medieval World View......Page 163
Anticipating the New Science......Page 165
New Directions in Astronomy and Physics......Page 167
New Approaches to Truth......Page 171
Theory and Application......Page 172
Politics as Science......Page 176
Science and Religion......Page 179
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Locke as Natural Philosopher......Page 178
Superstition and Its Victims......Page 180
Key Question Revisited......Page 181
Activities......Page 182
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 183
KEY QUESTION | Can the principle and practice of human equality ever be truly inclusive?......Page 186
Critiquing the Traditional Way of Life......Page 187
Formulas for Improving Material Conditions......Page 194
Enlightened Despots......Page 196
Critiquing the Enlightenment......Page 198
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Olympe de Gouges......Page 202
The Arts in the Age of Reason......Page 204
Key Question Revisited......Page 206
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 207
KEY QUESTION | Can political change occur without social and economic upheaval?......Page 210
America Rejects Europe......Page 211
Revolution in France......Page 218
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Edmund Burke on Revolution......Page 223
Napoleon Bonaparte and the Export of Revolution, 1799–1815......Page 227
The French Revolution and the Americas......Page 232
Key Question Revisited......Page 235
Further Reading......Page 236
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 237
PART SIX: Europe Triumphant: 1815–1914......Page 239
KEY QUESTION | How do technology and urbanization influence the relationship between humans and nature?......Page 242
From Rural to Urban Lifestyles in Europe......Page 243
Agriculture, Demographics, and Labor......Page 246
Innovations in Production......Page 250
The Social Consequences of Industrialization......Page 255
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Alfred Krupp......Page 259
Key Question Revisited......Page 265
Activities......Page 266
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 267
KEY QUESTION | What leads people to repudiate traditional ideas, beliefs, and practices?......Page 270
The Congress System and the Conservative Agenda......Page 271
Ideological Ferment......Page 274
The Revolutions of 1848......Page 278
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Giuseppe Mazzini......Page 283
Britain and Reform......Page 284
The Romantic Movement......Page 288
Utilitarianism and Utopian Socialism......Page 290
The Marxist Challenge......Page 292
Key Question Revisited......Page 294
Further Reading......Page 295
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 296
KEY QUESTION | Is nationalism a constructive force in the modern age?......Page 298
Italian Unification......Page 299
The Creation of Modern Germany......Page 302
Constitutional Change in France and Britain......Page 308
The Waning of the Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Empires......Page 313
The United States and Western Europe......Page 319
Nationalism and Race......Page 322
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Theodor Herzl and Jewish Nationalism......Page 324
Key Question Revisited......Page 326
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 327
KEY QUESTION | How does the projection of power reflect wider cultural values?......Page 330
The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods......Page 331
The Scramble for Empire: Africa......Page 335
The Scramble for Empire: South and East Asia......Page 337
Imperialism, Intellectual Controversy, and European Culture......Page 342
Transformation in the Arts......Page 349
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Marie Curie and Modern Physics......Page 350
Key Question Revisited......Page 353
Activities......Page 354
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 355
PART SEVEN: Europe in Crisis: 1914–1945......Page 357
KEY QUESTION | Are nation-states inherently adversarial?......Page 360
The Alliance System......Page 361
The Experience of Modern War......Page 364
The Eastern Front and Europe’s Empire......Page 368
Naval War and American Entry......Page 371
The Impact of Total War at Home......Page 373
The Russian Revolution......Page 375
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | John Reed and Bolshevism......Page 379
The Peace Settlement and European Consciousness......Page 380
Key Question Revisited......Page 385
Further Reading......Page 386
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 387
KEY QUESTION | Does personal liberty matter to people who suffer under conditions of acute material hardship?......Page 390
Postwar Problems in Western Europe......Page 391
The Price of Victory......Page 392
The Great Depression, 1929–1939......Page 395
Italy: The First Fascist State......Page 399
Authoritarian Regimes in Spain and Eastern Europe......Page 401
The Emergence of Nazi Germany......Page 402
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | José Ortega y Gasset......Page 403
Imperial Japan......Page 408
The Soviet Union Under Stalin......Page 409
Key Question Revisited......Page 412
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 414
KEY QUESTION | Can deeply held ideas and values sustain a civilization under violent attack?......Page 418
The Process of Appeasement, 1933–1939......Page 419
Nazism Triumphant, 1939–1941: Europe and North Africa......Page 423
The German Empire......Page 426
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Charles de Gaulle and Free France......Page 427
The Home Front and the Role of Women......Page 432
War in Asia and the Pacific......Page 434
The Tide Turns, 1942–1945......Page 437
Planning for the Postwar World......Page 441
Key Question Revisited......Page 443
Further Reading......Page 444
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 445
PART EIGHT: The Postwar Western Community: 1945–2012......Page 447
KEY QUESTION | How does ideology shape public policy?......Page 450
The Eclipse of Postwar Optimism......Page 451
The End of European Empire......Page 459
Expanding the Cold War......Page 465
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Ho Chi Minh......Page 472
The Cold War and Nuclear Threat......Page 473
Key Question Revisited......Page 477
Further Reading......Page 478
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 479
KEY QUESTION | Has the West defined the process of globalization?......Page 482
The End of Communism......Page 483
United Europe?......Page 491
Science, Technology, and the Environment......Page 499
Women and the Struggle for Equality......Page 505
PEOPLE IN CONTEXT | Simone de Beauvoir......Page 507
Religious Divides and Ethnic Nationalism......Page 508
The Postindustrial West......Page 513
Key Question Revisited......Page 515
Further Reading......Page 516
MyHistoryLab Connections......Page 517
D......Page 520
G......Page 521
M......Page 522
P......Page 523
S......Page 524
W......Page 525
Y......Page 526
Suggested Resources......Page 528
Photo Credits......Page 538
A......Page 542
B......Page 543
C......Page 544
E......Page 546
F......Page 547
G......Page 548
H......Page 549
I......Page 550
L......Page 551
M......Page 552
N......Page 553
P......Page 554
R......Page 556
S......Page 557
T......Page 558
U......Page 559
W......Page 560
Z......Page 561