The Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy: XIIIth International Conference Heidelberg, Germany May 22–25, 2000

Front Matter....Pages N2-xxviii
Inverse-planning for IMRT with a robotically-mounted linac: parameterisation of this ultimate (?) IMRT technique....Pages 1-3
Tomotherapy: Optimal coplanar radiotherapy....Pages 4-6
DMLC IMRT Is Sufficient for All Clinical Purposes....Pages 7-9
Complex IMRT increases the potential for dose misadministration, and simple planning and delivery methods can achieve the same results with reduced risk of patient injury....Pages 10-10
Using a dose-volume feasibility search algorithm for radiation treatment planning....Pages 11-13
Dose-volume constrained radiotherapy optimization for a clinical treatment planning system....Pages 14-16
IMRT optimization based on the generalized Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD)....Pages 17-19
Investigation of ROC analysis for inverse treatment planning evaluation....Pages 20-22
The use of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator and the Dynamically Penalized Likelihood methods in inverse radiation therapy planning....Pages 23-25
A multicriteria optimization approach for inverse radiotherapy planning....Pages 26-28
Computer-Assisted Selection of Importance Factors in Inverse Planning....Pages 29-31
Dose-Based Con formal Field Shaping using Automated Optimization....Pages 32-34
Direct computation of the “step-and-shoot” IMRT plan....Pages 35-36
Beam orientations in IMRT: to optimize or not to optimize?....Pages 37-39
Inverse Treatment Planning for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery....Pages 40-42
Heuristics for conventional planning....Pages 43-45
Hyperion — An integrated IMRT planning tool....Pages 46-48
ORBIT: Optimization of Radiation therapy Beams by Iterative Techniques, a new optimization code....Pages 49-51
The Effect of PTV Size on PTV Dose Homogeneity....Pages 52-53
Integration of the KonRad inverse planning tool into the iSis3D treatment planning system....Pages 54-56
The influence of dose matrix and voxel dimensions for the dose calculation on inverse treatment planning for stereotactic radiosurgery....Pages 57-59
Cases Studies in Tomotherapy Optimization: Breast, Prostate, Mesothelioma and Nasopharyngeal treatments....Pages 60-62
Method of normalising and sensitivity to setup variations of IMRT treatment plans....Pages 63-64
Influence of the sampling of dose and beams spaces on the ill conditioning and on quality of inverse dose distribution for IMRT....Pages 65-67
Formal Safety Analysis of the Control Program for a Radiation Therapy Machine....Pages 68-70
Design Considerations for Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Treatment Planning....Pages 71-72
A delineation system for N modalities — software aspects....Pages 73-75
A new design for a DICOM-3 server....Pages 76-78
Implementing DICOM RT in a radiotherapy department....Pages 79-81
The design and implementation of a multi-center volumetric and dosimetric database....Pages 82-84
Network-wide application sharing as part of an electronic patient referral system.....Pages 85-86
Wide Area Networking for Radiotherapy Services....Pages 87-89
A Deformable Template Approach to Registration of Serial CT Studies for Dose Planning in Intracavitary Brachytherapy....Pages 90-92
Image Fusion in Radiotherapy....Pages 93-95
Automated image registration using mutual information for both affine and thin-plate spline geometric transformations....Pages 96-98
Prostate Boundary Detection and Visualization in TRUS Images....Pages 99-101
Multimodality image fusion and localisation environment for radiosurgery treatments of large AVMs....Pages 102-104
Computerized Segmentation of Clustered Seeds in Prostate Brachytherapy....Pages 105-107
A quality control of a virtual simulation system including an inverse DRR software....Pages 108-110
Image fusion using mediated data displays....Pages 111-112
A new approach for improved tumor volumetry....Pages 113-115
Digital data exchange for multi-institutional clinical trials in 3D conformal radiation therapy and prostate brachytherapy....Pages 116-118
The creation of a radiotherapy archive using Internet technology....Pages 119-119
Questions for comparison of clinical Monte Carlo codes....Pages 120-122
MCDOSE — A Monte Carlo Dose Calculation Tool for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning....Pages 123-125
VMC ++ , a fast MC algorithm for Radiation Treatment planning....Pages 126-128
Performance benchmarks of the MCV Monte Carlo system....Pages 129-131
Computer Automated Quantification of Respiratory Motion in a Fluoroscopic Movie....Pages 132-134
The use of artificial neural networks in mammographie screening....Pages 135-137
Imaging in situ activated 15 O to study tumor hypoxia....Pages 138-140
Application to Lung Conformai Radiotherapy of a SPECT and Computerised Tomography (C.T.) Image Registration Method....Pages 141-142
FDG-PET Imaging for Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer....Pages 143-144
Feedback and Interlock Triggering for Real-Time IMRT Verification....Pages 145-146
Dynamic Opto-Electronic Body Surface Sensing & Computerised Surface Matching for Patient Positioning & Monitoring in Radiotherapy....Pages 147-149
Monte-Carlo evaluation of a highly efficient photon detector for tomotherapy....Pages 150-152
A 3D CT Software Platform for Radiotherapy....Pages 153-155
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy guided integrated boost irradiation for high grade gliomas using IMRT....Pages 156-157
A full 3-D verification technique for static field IMRT....Pages 158-159
IMRT by Dynamic MLC....Pages 160-163
INTENSITY-MODULATED ARC THERAPY: Clinical Implementation and Experience....Pages 164-166
Clinical Implementation of IMRT by MLC Technology....Pages 167-167
Quality Assurance of IMRT....Pages 168-169
Monte Carlo studies of energy modulated radiotherapy....Pages 170-172
Modulated Electron Beams for Treatment of Breast Cancer....Pages 173-175
Monte Carlo Simulations of Multileaf Collimated Electrons....Pages 176-178
Applicability of a multi-hole collimator for scanned photon beams: A Monte Carlo study....Pages 179-181
Slide and Shoot: A new method for MLC delivery of IMRT....Pages 182-184
Applicator-Guided Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy: A New Approach to Treating Cervical Cancer....Pages 185-187
Application of modifiers for intensity modulated photon fields....Pages 188-190
Delivery of Multiple IMRT Fields Using a Single Physical Attenuator....Pages 191-193
Application of Enhanced Dynamic Wedge to Stereotactic Radiotherapy....Pages 194-196
An improved technique for tangential breast irradiation applying MLC field shaping and inverse planning....Pages 197-199
Eliminating Complex Treatment Setup for Intact Breast or Postmastectomy Treatment with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy....Pages 200-202
Clinical implementation of intensity modulated radiotherapy for customised compensation using dynamic multileaf collimation....Pages 203-205
Assessment of Treatment Techniques and Collimation in Conformal Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy....Pages 206-206
General Anatomy Based Segmentation for Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer....Pages 207-207
The Use of Compensators and Multiple Static Fields for IMRT of the Breast....Pages 208-209
A mixed integer programming approach to the multileaf collimator problem....Pages 210-212
Comparison of Leaf Sequencing Techniques: Dynamic vs. Multiple Static Segments....Pages 213-215
Evaluation and quality control of a compensation system for intensity-modulated radiotherapy....Pages 216-217
IMRT in routine — experiences from a feasibility study....Pages 218-218
An optimized convolution/superposition based algorithm for dose calculation with photon beams....Pages 219-220
A multigrid method for accelerating superposition dose calculations....Pages 221-223
Use of Collapsed Cone Convolution for an Initial Investigation of Portal Dose Image Prediction....Pages 224-226
Modelling of photon beam spectral variations....Pages 227-228
Obtaining Realistic Spectra of Photon and Electron Beams....Pages 229-230
A Measured Data Set for Evaluating Electron Beam Dose Algorithms....Pages 231-233
The importance of the dose calculation model on plan evaluation for IMRT....Pages 234-236
Biological optimisation including both the normal and tumour tissues in the target volume....Pages 237-238
Limitations in using dose-volume histograms for radiotherapy dose optimization....Pages 239-241
Development of software to calculate the biological effect of different fractionation schedules in model tumours....Pages 242-243
A Novel Radiobiological Cell Cycle Model....Pages 244-245
Estimation of complication probabilities after radiosurgery of AVM patients using a biological model....Pages 246-248
Implementation of EvTool, a quantitative and radiobiological evaluation system, in a commercial RTPS....Pages 249-249
Computer-Aided Side Effect Monitoring....Pages 250-250
A Deterministic Photon and Electron Transport Algorithm for Radiation Dosimetry....Pages 251-253
Siemens Virtual Wedge: A dose calculation model with constraint checking....Pages 254-256
Development of On-line Beam Data Acquisition and Treatment Planning Software....Pages 257-259
Influence of the dose response model for normal tissue on the dose distribution in IMRT....Pages 260-262
Application of Biological Modelling to Facilitate the Transition from Conventional to Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment....Pages 263-264
Phoenix 2000, A 3D conformal Treatment Planning System....Pages 265-265
Progress in portal imaging techniques....Pages 266-268
On the use of electronic portal imaging for treatment verification....Pages 269-271
Computational methods for treatment verification: the Full Monte Carlo contribution....Pages 272-274
Quality Management in Conformal Radiotherapy....Pages 275-276
Improving dosimetric accuracy of a dynamic MLC technique....Pages 277-279
Dynamic multileaf collimation and three-dimensional verification in IMRT....Pages 280-282
Delivery and Dosimetry Verification in IMRT....Pages 283-285
Dosimetry of Gated Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy....Pages 286-288
The Dosimetric Consequences of Patient Movement on Three Classes of Intensity-Modulated Delivery Techniques in Breast Radiotherapy....Pages 289-291
Monitor Units Verification Calculation in IMRT as a Patient Specific Dosimetry QA....Pages 292-293
Database Energy Fluence Verification and the Importance of On-Board CT Imaging in Dose Reconstruction....Pages 294-296
Delivery Modification as an Alternative to Patient Repositioning in Tomotherapy....Pages 297-299
Optimized Decomposition of Virtual Micro Intensity Maps....Pages 300-302
Fluence segmentation for micro intensity modulated radiotherapy with a miniature multileaf collimator....Pages 303-304
The effects of beamlet size on IMRT optimization....Pages 305-307
Reduction of Treatment Time in IMRT Step and Shoot Irradiations by Means of a Changed Fractionation Scheme....Pages 308-310
Dynamic MLC delivered IMRT: verification using Polyacrylamide gel dosimetry....Pages 311-313
Tomographic Verification of Tomotherapy -- Before, During, and After Treatment....Pages 314-316
Computer Simulated Patient Motion and Setup Uncertainties in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy....Pages 317-319
Intensity modulated proton therapy: A first clinical example....Pages 320-322
Physical and Biological Dose Distribution Due to Primary Protons and Secondary Particles from Nuclear Interactions....Pages 323-325
A new planning tool for IMRT treatments: Implementation and first application for proton beams....Pages 326-328
OCTOPUS, a planning tool for proton therapy of eye tumours....Pages 329-331
Patient set-up for proton radiotherapy using digital X-ray images of implanted fiducials....Pages 332-333
VolEye — An application for interactive 3D-visualization and treatment planning of intraocular tumors....Pages 334-335
An improved 3D-Model for a Therapeutic Carbon Beam....Pages 336-337
The depth-dose profile analyzer: a dosimetry system for fast measurement of 3D depth-dose profiles in charged-particle tumor therapy with scanning techniques....Pages 338-340
An Integrated Treatment Delivery System for SRS and SRT....Pages 341-343
Monte Carlo for the Cyberknife....Pages 344-346
Investigations on medical aspects of CoRA — A new Cobalt Ra diotherapy A rrangement (feasibility study)....Pages 347-349
Planning and Optimisation of Stereotactic Laser-Neurosurgery....Pages 350-352
Automated Analysis of Film Checks for QA of Stereotactic Treatment Setup....Pages 353-354
Treatment planning for ion radiotherapy....Pages 355-355
Determination of dose-volumes parameters to characterise the conformity of stereotactic treatment plans....Pages 356-358
BANG™ polymer gels applied to the verification of conformal heavy ion radiotherapy....Pages 359-361
Correlation between CT number and water-equivalent thickness for heavy charged particles....Pages 362-364
Parameter adjustment of a proton pencil beam algorithm using experimental data from complex compensators....Pages 365-365
The “X-Sting”: a new, PC-based, 3D stereotactic treatment planning system....Pages 366-367
Automated Image Based Quality Assurance for Medical Linear Accelerators....Pages 368-370
A multi-purpose quality assurance tool for MLC-based IMRT....Pages 371-373
Monitor Unit Calculation for Intensity Modulated Photon Field....Pages 374-376
Image Correlation and In Vivo Dosimetry in IMRT....Pages 377-379
On the chemical stability of 3D monomer/polymer gel dosimetry....Pages 380-382
An initial investigation of Optical CT and MR scanning of gel dosimeters....Pages 383-385
Analyzing dose distributions from a treatment planning system, Monte Carlo simulations and polymer gel measurements....Pages 386-388
Automated verification of 3D-Conformal and IMRT treatment planning using polymer gels....Pages 389-390
Future concepts for IMRT verification techniques derived from experiences gained in scanning heavy ion radiotherapy....Pages 391-393
A software system for patient-specific quality control of intensity-modulated radiation treatments by Fricke-gel dosimetry....Pages 394-396
A simple and robust method for clinical implementation of midplane transit dosimetry using diodes and portal films....Pages 397-398
Comparison of MRI-Interrogated Fricke and BANG Gel Proton Dose Visualisation for a Therapy Cyclotron....Pages 399-400
Concave Dose Distributions in Dynamic Arc Radiosurgery....Pages 401-402
Is Monte Carlo noise removal feasible?....Pages 403-405
Implementation of several variance reduction techniques into the XVMC Monte Carlo algorithm for photon beams....Pages 406-408
Parallel processing of radiotherapy Monte Carlo simulations on a remote Beowulf cluster....Pages 409-410
A Scaling Method for Multiple Source Models (SMSM)....Pages 411-413
Effect of CT Streaking Artifacts in Monte Carlo Dose Distributions for Head and Neck Cancer....Pages 414-416
PEREGRINE: Bringing Monte Carlo based Treatment Planning Calculations to Today’s Clinic....Pages 417-419
Modification of a Virtual Source Model for Monte Carlo Based IMRT Verification....Pages 420-422
IMRT with Monte Carlo dose computation: what is the benefit?....Pages 423-424
The impact of Monte Carlo dose calculations on treatment outcomes....Pages 425-427
On the evaluation and implementation of efficient sampling algorithms for Monte Carlo based dose calculation....Pages 428-430
Electron Beam Commissioning for Monte Carlo Dose Calculation....Pages 431-433
Modeling and Commissioning of Clinical Photon Beams for Monte Carlo Treatment Planning....Pages 434-436
Simulation of Beam Modifiers for Monte Carlo Treatment Planing....Pages 437-439
Speeding up Monte Carlo simulation of electron cut-outs in treatment planning....Pages 440-442
Influence of tissue composition on the results of Monte Carlo simulations for patient dose calculations....Pages 443-445
A Virtual Linear Accelerator for Verification of Treatment planning systems....Pages 446-448
A Monte Carlo method for commissioning electron beams....Pages 449-451
Dynamic-MLC Modeling for Monte Carlo dose calculations....Pages 452-454
Considerations for modelling MLCs with Monte Carlo techniques....Pages 455-457
Monte Carlo simulation of wax compensating filters for radiotherapy of the head and neck....Pages 458-460
OMEGA Monte Carlo verification of dosimetric data for Gamma Knife ® ....Pages 461-463
A Monte Carlo study of backscatter in the monitor ion chamber for clinical photon and electron beams....Pages 464-465
Monte Carlo simulation of the effective point of measurement of the Markus chamber for electrons, the upright PinPoint chamber for photons, and other chambers....Pages 466-468
A Fast Dose Calculation Algorithm for Deformable Liquid-Filled Brachytherapy Applicators with Low Energy Photon Emitting Radionuclides....Pages 469-470
Accounting for heterogeneities and shields in brachytherapy dose calculation by use of collapsed cone superposition....Pages 471-473
Planning of Cardiovascular Brachytherapy....Pages 474-476
An Iterative Mixed-integer Programming Approach to Brachytherapy Treatment Plan Optimization for Prostate Cancer....Pages 477-479
Database infrastructure for multi-institutional clinical trials in 3D conformal radiotherapy and prostate brachytherapy....Pages 480-482
Evaluation of the Treatment Planning of Interstitial Hyperthermia of Glioblastomas....Pages 483-485
Monte Carlo dosimetry for intravascular brachytherapy....Pages 486-488
Monte Carlo Investigation of Typical and Potential Sources for Endovascular Brachytherapy....Pages 489-491
Derivation of dosimetry data for brachytherapy sources using Monte Carlo for primary and scatter dose separation....Pages 492-494
Dose-Area Analysis for Endovascular Brachytherapy....Pages 495-497
The application of GEANT4 simulation code to the verification of a brachytherapy calibration procedure....Pages 498-499
Autoreconstruction of Catheters in CT Based Brachytherapy Treatment Planning....Pages 500-501
EGS4 Energy Deposition Kernels at Low Photon Energy including the Molecular Coherent Scattering Form Factor....Pages 502-504
Advances in Patient Immobilisation and Positioning Techniques....Pages 505-506
Interventional strategies to counter the effects of inter-fraction treatment variation....Pages 508-510
Interventional strategies for reducing respiratory-induced motion in external beam therapy....Pages 511-513
Ultrasound for Patient Positioning in Radiation Therapy....Pages 514-516
Treatment Strategy For Daily Image Feedback Adaptive Radiotherapy....Pages 517-517
A Generalization of Adaptive Radiotherapy and the Registration of Deformable Dose Distributions....Pages 518-520
Statistical control applications for dynamic refinement....Pages 521-523
Clinical applications of combining IMRT with electron beams....Pages 524-525
A comparison of IMRT planning systems in the treatment of colon-rectal cancer....Pages 526-528
A Clinically Oriented Inverse Planning Implementation....Pages 529-531
Incorporating clinical factors in plan optimization....Pages 532-534
Microboost treatment of prostate tumors....Pages 535-536
Application of some regularization methods to the radiosurgery inverse problem....Pages 537-538
Modelling the Effects of IMRT Delivery: Constraints and Incorporation of Beam Smoothing into Inverse Planning....Pages 539-541
Simplification of IMRT intensity maps by means of 1-D and 2-D median-filtering during the iterative calculation....Pages 542-544
Errors in inverse treatment planning based on inaccurate dose calculation....Pages 545-547
Defining margins for systematic rotations and translations: A probability based geometrical approach....Pages 548-550
An optimal off-line set-up correction protocol based on numerical simulations with measured set-up data of 600 prostate cancer patients....Pages 551-552
Verification of dynamic MLC beam delivery using electronic portal imaging....Pages 553-555
Cone-beam computed tomography on a medical linear accelerator using a flat-panel imager....Pages 556-557
MV and kV cone-beam CT on a medical linear accelerator....Pages 558-560
Quantitative cone beam megavoltage CT....Pages 561-563
Quality assurance of a videogrammetric system for computer-controlled non-invasive patient positioning for fractionated radiosurgery....Pages 564-566
Initial experience with a system for automated patient positioning....Pages 567-568
Implementation of a System for Precision, Automated Daily Target Volume Positioning....Pages 569-571
Using routine portal images to detect internal organ motion in prostate cancer patients; a simulation....Pages 572-573
Preliminary evaluation of a non-invasive ultrasound prostate localization device....Pages 574-576
Ultrasound guided percutaneous radiotherapy of prostate cancer....Pages 577-579
Whole Body Frame for the Target Localization with CCTV Camera System and Fluoroscopy....Pages 580-581
Studies for On-line Registration of Different Quality Images in Radiation Therapy....Pages 582-583
Experimental study of six parameter patient registration from helical MV fan-beam data....Pages 586-586
Computer assisted decision making after portal imaging....Pages 587-588
Digital Enhancement of Portal Images by Anisotropic Diffusion....Pages 589-591
Evaluation of a New Relocatable Head Fixation System....Pages 592-593
Back Matter....Pages 594-596
....Pages 597-604