The Transformation of Maritime Professions: Old and New Jobs in European Shipping Industries, 1850–2000

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
	Changes in Merchant Shipping After 1850
	New Dividing Lines, Fresh Tensions, Novel Opportunities
	The Essays in This Volume
	Notes
	References
Part I Changes in Maritime Labour: Institutional, Technological and Spatial Contexts
2 The Human Element in Power-Driven Merchant Ship Propulsion Since 1850: The British Case
	Introduction
	Advances in Merchant Ship Power Propulsion2
	Merchant Ship Engine Room Manning: Engineer Officers
	Merchant Ship Engine and Boiler Room Manning: Firemen and Trimmers
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
3 Technological Change, Institutions and Maritime Labour: International Reforms and Their Reception in Sweden and Finland, c.1850–1939
	Introduction
	Transition from Sail to Steam and Its Effects on Maritime Labour
	Institutional Response to Technological Change
	The Question of Child Labour
	Conclusions
	Notes
	References
4 Changes in Maritime Labour in  Greece During the Transition from Sail to Steam, c. 1850–1917
	Introduction1
	Workforce in the Merchant Fleet
		Assessment of Maritime Workers
	The Origins of Seamen
	Crews on Sailing Ships and Steamers
		Size of Crews on Sailing Ships
		Size of Crews on Steamships
	Wages on Sailing Ships and Steamers
		Wages on Sailing Ships
		Wages on Steamships
	Conclusions
	Notes
	References
5 Seamen in the City. Origins, Residence and Standard of Living of Le Havre Seamen from c. 1800 to the First Wold War
	Introduction
	Method
	The Geographical Origins of Seamen in Le Havre
	The Rootedness of Mariners in the Local Urban Environment
	Wages and Standards of Living
	Standards of Living of Mariners
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
6 Reading Shipboard Space: The Plans of Ships Serving the Netherlands East Indies, 1850–1914
	Introduction1
	Theoretical Orientation
	1850–1871: The Cape and the Overland Route
	1871–1900: The Trans-Suez Service
	Networking the Indies: The KPM
	1900–1914: ‘All the Comforts of a Well-Equipped Hotel’: The Sindoro and Its Successors
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Part II Case Studies of Old Maritime Jobs
7 Reconfiguring Authority at Sea: Steamships and Their Captains in a Danish Context, c.1850–1950
	Introduction
	Background, Material and Theoretical Approach
	The Shifting Role, Responsibilities, and Authority of the Captain ca.1300–1850
	The Impact of Technology on the Commercial Role of the Captain
	The Impact of Technology on the Nautical Responsibilities of the Captain
	Corporal Punishment in Shipboard Discipline
	Steamships and the Social Status of the Captain
	Nostalgia and the Legacy of Sailing
	Conclusions
	Notes
	References
8 Feeding the Fleet: Cooks in the Belgian Merchant Marine, c.1850–1930
	Introduction1
	The Transformation of the Belgian Fleet
	A Job in Transition
	Food for Crews and Passengers
	Geographical Backgrounds and Careers Paths
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Part III Case Studies of New Maritime Jobs
9 Elbowing Their Way: Ship’s Engineers in the Spanish Merchant Marine, c.1850–1950
	Introduction1
	Elbowing Their Way
	Foreigners’ Domination
	Legislation and Regulation of the Profession
	Training and Learning
	Careers
	Professional Associations
	Fighting on Multiple Fronts
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
10 From the Captain’s Tiger to the Chief Steward. Career Patterns of the Catering Personnel on British Passenger Liners, 1860–1938
	Introduction
	Rapid Expansion of the Catering Departments
	Sources and Methodology
	Recruitment and Training of the Catering Personnel
	Gendered Patterns of Recruitment
	Men Climbing up the Career Ladder
	Criteria for Promotion and Reactions to Increasing Control
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
11 Surfing the Waves. The Rise and Decline of Radio Operators in the Dutch Mercantile Marine in the Twentieth Century
	Introduction
	Employment and Tasks of Radio Operators
	Radio Operators in the ship’s Hierarchy
	The Labour Market, Government Regulations and Technological Change
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
12 Conclusion
	Transformations in Maritime Professions Between c.1850 and 1950
	Coda: Changes in the Shipping Industry After 1950 and Their Impact
	Further Lines of Inquiry
	Notes
	References
Index