The Tokyo Trial and War Crimes in Asia

An Old Foreword To The International Military Tribunal For The Far East (I)
An Old Foreword To The International Military Tribunal For The Far East (II)
In Memory Of Our Father (Foreword)
	I
	II
	III
	IV
About This Book
Contents
About the Author
List of Figures
1 Establishment and Jurisdiction of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
	1.1 International Trials of Major War Criminals: A Pioneering Undertaking After World War II
	1.2 Lessons Learned from the Failure of International Trials After World War I
	1.3 Preparatory Work During World War II
	1.4 Process of Establishing the Two Tribunals
	1.5 Jurisdiction of the Two Tribunals
		1.5.1 Conceptual Evolution of ‘War Crimes’
		1.5.2 Conventional War Crimes
		1.5.3 Crimes Against Humanity
		1.5.4 Crimes Against Peace (the Crime of Aggression)
		1.5.5 Individual Responsibility
		1.5.6 Official Position and Orders of the Superior
			1.5.6.1 Official Position
			1.5.6.2 Orders of the Superior
	1.6 Class-A War Criminals and International Trials
2 Charter and Organization of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
	2.1 Introduction to the Tokyo Charter
	2.2 Location and Layout of the Tokyo Tribunal
	2.3 Members of the Tribunal: Judges and President
		2.3.1 Introduction to the 11 Judges
		2.3.2 Working Relationship and ‘Judges’ Conference’
		2.3.3 Seating Arrangement of the Bench
		2.3.4 Appointment, Roles and Powers of the President
	2.4 International Prosecution Section
	2.5 The Defence: Japanese and American Counsel
	2.6 Administrative and Personnel Arrangements
3 Arrest and Prosecution of Japanese Major War Criminals
	3.1 Four Arrest Warrants from the General Headquarters
	3.2 Investigation and Preparation for Prosecution by the IPS
	3.3 Selection and Bibliographic Information of the 28 Defendants
	3.4 Eleven Countries’ Indictment Against Japanese Major War Criminals
		3.4.1 Presentation and Acceptance of the Indictment
		3.4.2 Format and Preamble of the Indictment
		3.4.3 Fifty-Five Counts Charged Against the Defendants
			3.4.3.1 Group One: Crimes Against Peace (Counts 1–36)
			3.4.3.2 Group Two: Murder (Counts 37–52)
			3.4.3.3 Group Three: Conventional War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity (Counts 53–55)
		3.4.4 Summary of the Five Appendices in the Indictment
	3.5 Characteristics and Defects of the Indictment
4 Trial Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
	4.1 Basic Provisions on Trial Proceedings in the Tokyo Charter
	4.2 Procedures for the Presentation and Admission of Evidentiary Documents
		4.2.1 Types and Nature of Evidentiary Documents
		4.2.2 Steps and Formalities for the Presentation and Admission of Evidentiary Documents
	4.3 Procedures for the Attendance and Testifying of Witnesses
		4.3.1 Summons of Witnesses and Rules Before Appearing in Court
		4.3.2 The Oath, Affirmation or Declaration of Witnesses
		4.3.3 Four Steps of Testifying and Examinations of Witnesses
			4.3.3.1 First Step: Direct Examination
			4.3.3.2 Second Step: Cross-Examination
			4.3.3.3 Third Step: Re-direct Examination
			4.3.3.4 Fourth Step: Re-Cross-Examination
	4.4 Affidavits from Non-attending Witnesses and the Defendants’ Confessions
	4.5 Criticism of the Trial Proceedings
Index