The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1

Contents
Preface
Introduction
	I.0.1. Pronunciation Traditions of Biblical Hebrew
	I.0.2. The Bible in the Second Temple Period
	I.0.3. The Bible in the Middle Ages
	I.0.4. The Tiberian Masoretic Tradition
	I.0.5. Qere and Ketiv
	I.0.6. The Accents
	I.0.7. The Representation of the Qere in Written Form
	I.0.8. The Historical Depth of the Tiberian Reading Tradition
	I.0.9. The Prestige of the Tiberian Tradition
	I.0.10. The Internal Diversity of the Tiberian Tradition
	I.0.11. Orthoepy
	I.0.12. The Close of the Tiberian Masoretic Period
	I.0.13. Sources for the Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition
		I.0.13.1. Masoretic Treatises
		I.0.13.2. Masoretic Notes
		I.0.13.3. Karaite Transcriptions of the Hebrew Bible into Arabic Script
		I.0.13.4. Grammatical and Lexicographical Texts
		I.0.13.5. Commentaries on Sefer Yeṣira
		I.0.13.6. Non-Standard Tiberian Systems of Vocalization
		I.0.13.7. The Tiberian Reading Tradition in Babylonian Vocalization
		I.0.13.8. Tiberian Signs Used to Represent Other Languages
I.1. Consonants
	I.1.1. ʾAlef
	I.1.2. Bet
	I.1.3. Gimel
	I.1.4. Dalet
	I.1.5. He
	I.1.6. Vav
	I.1.7. Zayin
	I.1.8. Ḥet
	I.1.9. Ṭet
	I.1.10. Yod
	I.1.11. Kaf
	I.1.12. Lamed
	I.1.13. Mem
	I.1.14. Nun
	I.1.15. Samekh
	I.1.16. ʿAyin
	I.1.17. Pe
	I.1.18. Ṣade
	I.1.19. Qof
	I.1.20. Resh
	I.1.21. Sin
	I.1.22. Shin
	I.1.23. Tav
	I.1.24. Consonant Phonemes
	I.1.25. Distribution of the Variants of בגדכפת
I.2. Vowels and Syllable Structure
	I.2.1. Basic Vowel Signs
		I.2.1.1. The Qualities of the Vowels
		I.2.1.2. The Terms Pataḥ and Qameṣ
		I.2.1.3. More on the Quality of Pataḥ and Qameṣ
		I.2.1.4. The Quality of Qameṣ in Other Traditions
		I.2.1.5. Segol and Ṣere
		I.2.1.6. Ḥireq
		I.2.1.7. Ḥolem, Shureq and Qibbuṣ
		I.2.1.8. Medieval Classifications of Vowels
	I.2.2. Vowel Length
		I.2.2.1. General Principles
		I.2.2.2. Stressed Syllables
		I.2.2.3. Open Unstressed Syllables
		I.2.2.4. Closed Unstressed Syllables
	I.2.3. Vowel Phonemes
		I.2.3.1. Vowel Phonemes with a Specified Length Feature
		I.2.3.2. Vowel Phonemes without a Specified Length Feature
	I.2.4. Long Vowels in Closed Syllables
	I.2.5. Shewa and Ḥaṭef Vowels
		I.2.5.1. Principles of Phonetic Realization and Graphical Marking
		I.2.5.2. Syllabification and Metrical Structure
		I.2.5.3. Phonological Principles
		I.2.5.4. Ḥaṭef Signs on Guttural Consonants
		I.2.5.5. Ḥaṭef Signs on Non-Guttural Consonants
		I.2.5.6. Silent Shewa after a Long Vowel
		I.2.5.7. Vocalic Shewa after a Long Vowel
		I.2.5.8. Vocalic Shewa after Short Vowel Phonemes
		I.2.5.9. Marking of Shewa at the End of a Word
	I.2.6. Syllabification and Metrical Structure of Word-final Syllables
	I.2.7. Lexical Ḥaṭef Vowels
	I.2.8. Variation in the Duration of Long Vowels
		I.2.8.1. Syllables with the Main Stress and Unstressed Syllables
		I.2.8.2. Syllables with the Secondary Stress
	I.2.9. Shewa Gaʿya
	I.2.10. Metrical Epenthesis
	I.2.11. Maqqef
	I.2.12. Further Cases of Second Accents in a Word on Closed Syllables with Short Vowels
I.3. Dagesh and Rafe
	I.3.1. Dagesh
		I.3.1.1. Preliminary Remarks
		I.3.1.2. Morphological Gemination
		I.3.1.3. Dagesh to Distinguish Meaning
		I.3.1.4. Gemination Resulting from Assimilation
		I.3.1.5. Gemination to Preserve High Lexical Vowels
		I.3.1.6. Gemination of a Consonant in Place of Vowel Lengthening
		I.3.1.7. Gemination Associated with Stress
		I.3.1.8. Gemination after a Prefix
		I.3.1.9. Gemination at Word Boundaries (Deḥiq)
		I.3.1.10. The Distribution of the Fricative and Stop Variants of the Letters בגדכפת
		I.3.1.11. Orthoepic Uses of Dagesh
		I.3.1.12. Dagesh in the Word בָתִּים
		I.3.1.13. Loss of Gemination
		I.3.1.14. Erroneous Printing of Dagesh in BHS
	I.3.2. Rafe
	I.3.3. Dagesh and Rafe in Manuscripts with Non-Standard Tiberian Vocalization
I.4. Reflections of the Imperfect Learning of the Tiberian Pronunciation in the Middle Ages
	I.4.1. Preliminary Remarks
	I.4.2. Consonants
	I.4.3. Vowels
		I.4.3.1. Interchanges of Signs Reflecting a Substrate of Palestinian Pronunciation
		I.4.3.2. Evidence for the Phonetic Realization of Interchanged Signs
		I.4.3.3. Interchanges of Signs Reflecting a Substrate of Arabic Vernacular
		I.4.3.4. Hypercorrect Lengthening of Vowels
	I.4.4. The Reading of the Tiberian Vocalization in the Later Middle Ages
I.5. Summary of the Tiberian Pronunciation and Sample Transcriptions of Biblical Passages
	I.5.1. Summary of the Phonetics and Phonology of the Consonants
	I.5.2. Summary of the Phonetics and Phonology of the Full Vowel Signs
	I.5.3. Summary of the Phonetics and Phonology of Shewa and the Ḥaṭef Signs
	I.5.4. Sample Transcriptions of Biblical Passages
		I.5.4.1. Genesis 1.1-13
		I.5.4.2. Psalm 1
References And Abbreviations
	Abbreviations
	References
Indexes