The Syntax of Icelandic

Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface and acknowledgements......Page 11
1.1 Nominal inflection and agreement......Page 15
1.1.2 Articles and definiteness......Page 16
1.1.3 Pronouns......Page 18
1.1.4 Unstressed pronouns and cliticized forms......Page 19
1.2.2 Tense and mood......Page 22
1.2.3 Non-finite verb forms......Page 23
1.2.4 Auxiliary constructions......Page 24
2.1.1 The basic clause structure assumed......Page 31
2.1.2 The default order of constituents and some variations......Page 35
2.1.3 Alternative subject positions......Page 40
2.1.4 Positions of finite and non-finite verbs......Page 41
2.1.5 Alternative object positions......Page 45
2.1.6 Positions of adverbs......Page 51
2.2.1 The nature of V2......Page 54
2.2.2.1 An overview of the subject positions......Page 59
2.2.2.2 The second subject position before the sentence adverb......Page 61
2.2.2.3 The subject in Spec-VP – but where?......Page 69
2.2.3 Verbal morphology and embedded word order......Page 72
2.2.4.1 OS applies to objects – and only to objects......Page 78
2.2.4.2 OS of full NPs vs. pronominal OS......Page 80
2.2.4.3 Holmberg's Generalization: short moves or 'intervening material'?......Page 86
2.2.4.4 Definiteness and interpretation possibilities......Page 89
2.2.5 Adverbs and syntactic structure......Page 93
3.1.1.1 Order of the modifiers......Page 102
3.1.1.2 The articles......Page 103
3.1.1.3 The possessives......Page 106
3.1.2.1 Objects and particles......Page 110
3.1.2.2 Direct and indirect objects......Page 112
3.2.1.0 Introduction......Page 114
3.2.1.1 The position of determiners and the nature of definite NPs......Page 119
3.2.1.2 The distribution of possessives......Page 131
3.2.1.3 Agreement within the extended noun phrase......Page 136
3.2.1.4 The nature and positions of quantifiers......Page 138
3.2.2.1 Some structural considerations and asymmetries......Page 141
3.2.2.2 Inversion and other reorderings......Page 145
3.2.2.3 Double object constructions and passive......Page 148
3.2.2.4 Double object constructions and Object Shift......Page 152
3.2.2.5 Prepositional arguments and particle constructions......Page 153
4.1.1.1 Unmarked word order and 'yes/no'-questions......Page 160
4.1.1.3 Subject definiteness and expletive constructions......Page 161
4.1.1.6 Subject ellipsis......Page 162
4.1.1.8 Non-overt infinitival subjects......Page 163
4.1.1.9 Extraction out of embedded clauses......Page 164
4.1.1.10 Objects and passive......Page 165
4.1.1.12 Structural relations between the verb and its objects......Page 169
4.1.2.1 Subject cases......Page 170
4.1.2.2 Case marking and monotransitive (dyadic) verbs......Page 181
4.1.2.3 Case marking and ditransitive (triadic) verbs......Page 187
4.1.2.4 Other instances of oblique cases......Page 192
4.2.1 Structural and lexical case......Page 195
4.2.2 Morphological case and abstract case......Page 206
4.2.3.0 Introduction......Page 212
4.2.3.1 Case marking and thematic roles of subjects......Page 214
4.2.3.2 Case marking and thematic roles of objects of dyadic verbs......Page 222
4.2.3.3 Case marking and thematic roles in double object constructions......Page 230
4.2.4.1 Subject case and thematic roles in Faroese and Icelandic......Page 236
4.2.4.2 Object case and thematic roles in Faroese......Page 240
4.2.4.3 Case marking and thematic roles in double object constructions in Faroese......Page 242
4.2.5.1 Types of agreement in Icelandic......Page 246
4.2.5.2 The difference between agreement with NP-predicates and agreement with objects......Page 248
4.2.5.3 Agreement of predicate adjectives and past participles......Page 252
4.2.6 Some comparative notes......Page 256
5.1.0 Introduction......Page 263
5.1.1 Regular passivization and thematic roles......Page 264
5.1.2 Passivization of 'impersonal' verbs......Page 271
5.1.3.1 Distinguishing prepositional passives from topicalization structures......Page 276
5.1.3.2 Passives of particle verbs......Page 278
5.1.3.3 Impersonal passives and expletive passives......Page 280
5.1.4 The New Passive/New Impersonal......Page 287
5.1.5.1 Some morphological characteristics of 'middle verbs'......Page 297
5.1.5.2 Some classes of -st-verbs......Page 301
5.1.5.3 Syntactic properties of the true middle verbs and related verb classes......Page 303
5.1.6.1 Outlining the class......Page 307
5.1.6.2 Accusatives with unaccusatives......Page 309
5.1.6.3 Datives with unaccusatives......Page 312
5.1.6.4 Non-preservation of case in transitive-unaccusative pairs......Page 313
5.2.1 Faroese middles, passives and case (non-)preservation......Page 315
5.2.2 Passives and middles in Mainland Scandinavian......Page 320
5.2.3 Impersonal passives in Scandinavian......Page 321
6.1.1 Types of expletive constructions in Icelandic......Page 323
6.1.2 The positions available to the overt expletive in Icelandic......Page 326
6.1.3 The positions available to the associate of the expletive in Icelandic......Page 327
6.1.4 The positional requirements of different associates......Page 331
6.1.5 More on real and apparent exceptions to the Indefiniteness Requirement......Page 338
6.2.1 Structural position and role of expletive elements......Page 341
6.2.2 Expletive constructions in the other Scandinavian languages......Page 347
6.2.3 The 'associate positions' revisited......Page 351
6.2.4 The differences – and what can be said about them......Page 353
7.1.1 Fronting of non-subjects......Page 355
7.1.2 Topicalization and Wh-movement across clause boundaries......Page 363
7.1.3 Stylistic Fronting and the overt expletive......Page 366
7.1.4 Stylistic Fronting and Topicalization......Page 369
7.1.5 Left Dislocation and Contrastive Dislocation......Page 371
7.1.6 Clefts and relatives......Page 373
7.1.7 Extrapositions and rightward movement......Page 375
7.2.1 Stylistic Fronting vs. Topicalization......Page 382
7.2.2 Stylistic Fronting, expletives and subject gaps......Page 389
7.2.3 Some comparative evidence......Page 390
7.2.4 Possible landing sites and some theoretical proposals......Page 399
7.2.5 Syntactic positions, movements, gaps and information structure......Page 404
8.1.1 Complements vs. adjuncts......Page 408
8.1.2 Tense and mood in complement clauses......Page 409
8.1.3 Distribution of að-clauses and hv-clauses......Page 416
8.1.4 Tense and mood in adjunct clauses......Page 418
8.1.5 Relative clauses and hv-clauses......Page 420
8.1.6 Complementizer deletion......Page 423
8.2.0 Introduction......Page 424
8.2.1 Independent infinitives......Page 430
8.2.2 Complements of control verbs, including prepositional verbs......Page 432
8.2.3 Complements of modal verbs......Page 435
8.2.4 Complements of aspectual verbs......Page 442
8.2.5 On the distribution of að-infinitives......Page 444
8.2.6 Accusative with infinitive......Page 450
8.2.7 Nominative with infinitive and raising to subject position......Page 454
8.3.1 Complementizer deletion......Page 457
8.3.2 Extra complementizer elements......Page 462
8.3.3 Some structural properties of control complements......Page 464
8.3.4 AcI, Object Shift, NcI and raising......Page 466
8.3.5 Modal constructions......Page 472
9.1.1 Basic distribution of reflexive and non-reflexive pronouns in Icelandic......Page 475
9.1.2 Cross-clausal anaphoric dependencies......Page 479
9.1.3 Reflexives inside infinitival complements......Page 487
9.1.4.1 Non-expletive empty elements......Page 489
9.1.4.2 Empty elements in expletive constructions......Page 494
9.2.1 The standard Binding Theory......Page 497
9.2.2.1 The basic facts......Page 498
9.2.2.2 LDRs in Faroese and elsewhere......Page 501
9.2.2.3 An interim summary, some theoretical problems and proposals......Page 505
9.2.2.4 A lexical-morphological approach......Page 513
9.2.3 Is Icelandic a pro-drop language?......Page 515
Please note that Icelandic authors are listed under their first name.......Page 519
Some abbreviations used below:......Page 544
Index of languages and dialects......Page 569