The Superior Colliculus: New Approaches for Studying Sensorimotor Integration

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Series Preface......Page 7
Preface......Page 8
About the Editors......Page 9
Contributors......Page 10
Contents......Page 13
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 14
1.2 FRONTAL EYE FIELDS......Page 16
1.3  SUPPLEMENTARY EYE FIELDS......Page 18
1.4 PARIETAL CORTEX......Page 19
1.5  PREFRONTAL CORTEX......Page 22
1.6 CINGULATE CORTEX......Page 23
1.7 BASAL GANGLIA......Page 25
REFERENCES......Page 27
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 35
2.2 ELECTRICAL MICROSTIMULATION......Page 36
2.4 THE SC MOTOR MAP......Page 37
2.6 MICROSTIMULATION AND THE SC MOTOR MAP REVISITED......Page 39
2.7 DUAL CODING IN THE SC......Page 40
2.8 MULTIPLE CODING FORMATS AS A PRINCIPLE OF SC ORGANIZATION......Page 42
2.9 SC DECISION-MAKING......Page 43
REFERENCES......Page 44
3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 47
3.3 OVERVIEW OF THE SACCADE GENERATION NETWORK......Page 48
3.3.2 SUPERIOR COLLICULUS......Page 49
3.3.3 CEREBRAL CORTEX—FRONTAL EYE FIELD......Page 50
3.4 ROLE OF SC AND FEF IN SACCADE INITIATION......Page 51
3.4.1  REFLEXIVE SACCADES—THE GAP SACCADE TASK......Page 52
3.4.2 EXPRESS SACCADES: A SPECIAL CLASS OF VISUALLY GUIDED SACCADE......Page 53
3.4.3 CONTROL OF SACCADE PRODUCTION— THE COUNTERMANDING TASK......Page 55
3.4.4 VOLUNTARY SACCADE PRODUCTION— THE ANTISACCADE TASK......Page 58
3.5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 60
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 66
4.4 AChE-RICH AND POOR DOMAINS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK......Page 67
4.5  GLOBAL NIGROTECTAL PROJECTIONS......Page 69
4.6  POTENTIAL CHOLINERGIC INPUTS......Page 71
4.7 SOMAS AND DENDRITES ARE RELATED TO DIFFERENT DOMAINS......Page 72
4.8  CORTICOTECTAL PROJECTIONS: PATCHY AND ABUNDANT......Page 73
4.10 AUDITORY AND OTHER PATCHY INPUTS......Page 75
4.11 A NEW LOOK AT PATCHES: CYLINDERS, FRAMES, AND WALLS......Page 76
4.12 CONCLUSIONS AND WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?......Page 78
REFERENCES......Page 79
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 82
5.2 THE CAUSAL RELEVANCE OF SC SIGNALS......Page 83
5.3 THE DISCHARGE PATTERN OF SC NEURONS......Page 84
5.4.1 X CELLS OF THE CAT: PHYSIOLOGY......Page 88
5.4.2 X CELLS OF THE CAT: AXONAL MORPHOLOGY......Page 91
5.4.3  MORPHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PRIMATE X AND T NEURONS......Page 94
5.5  BURST GENERATION......Page 95
5.6 MODELS......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 101
6.2 METHODS......Page 106
6.3 THE INTERLAMINAR NEURONAL NETWORK......Page 107
6.4 HORIZONTAL INTERACTIONS IN THE INTERMEDIATE GRAY LAYER......Page 109
REFERENCES......Page 113
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 115
7.2.1 EXPERIMENTS IN THE IN VITRO SLICE PREPARATION......Page 117
7.3.1  NMDA RECEPTOR-MEDIATED EXCITATORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION......Page 118
7.4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 119
REFERENCES......Page 120
CONTENTS......Page 124
8.1  INTRODUCTION......Page 125
8.2 TECTAL POLARITY IS DEFINED BEFORE AXONS ARRIVE......Page 128
8.3 COMPLEMENTARY GRADIENTS OF GUIDANCE CUES CONTROL INITIAL RETINAL AXON TOPOGRAPHIES......Page 130
8.4.2 ALIGNMENT OF THE CORTICOTECTAL AND OTHER AFFERENT PATHWAYS......Page 133
8.5 BIRTH AND MIGRATION OF NEURONS FOLLOW A VENTRO-DORSAL BUT NOT ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR GRADIENT......Page 134
ASIS FOR NEURON IDENTIFICATION IN THE MATURE AND DEVELOPING COLLICULUS .........Page 135
8.6.2 HORIZONTAL NEURONS......Page 136
8.7 SYNAPTOGENESIS STARTS WITH GABA AND GLYCINE......Page 137
8.8  AXON TERMINALS ADJUST TO THE NEEDS OF ACTIVE PATHWAYS......Page 139
8.8.1 REMOVAL OF ONE EYE OR RETINAL LESION BEFORE OR AFTER BIRTH......Page 140
8.8.3  UNILATERAL SUPERIOR COLLICULUS LESION......Page 141
8.9.1 THE ROLE OF TRKB ACTIVATION......Page 142
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 144
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......Page 145
REFERENCES......Page 146
9.1  INTRODUCTION......Page 153
9.4 THE ROLE OF THE N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR......Page 154
LLICULUS DURING DEVELOPMENT .........Page 156
9.6 SEROTONIN IS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR RETINAL FIBER SEGREGATION IN THE DEVELOPING SUPERIOR COLLICULUS......Page 157
9.7 NITRIC OXIDE PARTIALLY MEDIATES RETRACTION OF THE RETINOCOLLICULAR PATHWAY......Page 159
9.8 VOLTAGE GATED CALCIUM CHANNELS ALSO MEDIATE PATHWAY REFINEMENT......Page 160
9.9 ARE NEUROTROPHINS ESSENTIAL FOR PATHWAY STABILIZATION?......Page 161
9.10 IS PATHWAY REFINEMENT A CONSEQUENCE OF SYNAPTIC POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION?......Page 163
9.11  CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 166
CONTENTS......Page 171
10.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 172
1 0.2.2  COMPENSATION FOR TRAJECTORY PERTURBATIONS INDUCED BY BRAIN STIMULATION......Page 173
10.3.1  COMPENSATION FOR NATURAL TRAJECTORY VARIATIONS......Page 174
10.3.2 COMPENSATION FOR MECHANICAL PERTURBATIONS OF HEAD/GAZE MOTION......Page 175
10.3.4 NEURAL DISCHARGE PROPERTIES IN RELATION TO GAZE FEEDBACK CONTROL: ROLE OF CAT SUPERIOR COLLICULUS......Page 177
MNIPAUSE NEURONS .........Page 180
10.3.7  ON THE ROLE OF CAT FASTIGIAL NUCLEUS IN GAZE FEEDBACK CONTROL......Page 181
10.4.1  HEAD-FIXED......Page 183
10.4.3  THE MODEL OF GOOSSENS AND VAN OPSTAL (FIGURE 10.10)......Page 185
10.4.4 GALIANA MODEL (FIGURE 10.11)......Page 186
10.5.3  THE MOVING HILL MODEL......Page 188
REFERENCES......Page 189
11.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 194
LUS FOR SACCADES .........Page 195
11.3 INDICATIONS THAT TEMPORAL CODING IS ALSO IMPORTANT IN COLLICULAR FUNCTION......Page 196
11.4 ESTIMATING THE SPATIOTEMPORAL POPULATION DISCHARGE IN SC DURING SACCADES......Page 197
11.5  USING SACCADE PERTURBATIONS TO TEST THEORIES OF SC FUNCTION......Page 198
11.6  THE WINNER-TAKE-ALL CONCEPT OF SC FUNCTION......Page 200
11.7  DISTRIBUTED MODELING OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS......Page 201
REFERENCES......Page 206
12.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 210
12.2.1 SPATIAL-TO-TEMPORAL TRANSFORM PROBLEM (STTP)......Page 211
12.2.3 THE ROLE OF FEEDBACK......Page 212
12.3.1 THE LEVEL AND DURATION OF COLLICULAR ACTIVITY......Page 213
12.3.2.1 Microstimulation Experiments......Page 214
12.4.1 POPULATION CODING......Page 215
12.4.2.3 Gaze Amplitude......Page 216
REFERENCES......Page 217
Index......Page 221