The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture

The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Bibliography......Page 13
1. The Study of the Septuagint in England during the Nineteenth Century......Page 14
2. The Expanding Scope of Modern Septuagintal Studies......Page 15
3. The Book of Isaiah according to the Septuagint......Page 16
1. The Good News according to Isaiah and the New Testament......Page 18
2. The Hardening of Israel in the Context of Isaiah and the New Testament......Page 19
1. Matthew 1:23......Page 22
2. Mark 1:2-3......Page 25
3. Luke 4:16-30......Page 26
4. John 12:41......Page 28
5. Romans 4:24-25......Page 29
1. The Tension between the Hebrew Text and the Greek Septuagint in the Early Church......Page 32
2. Modern Attempts to Resolve the Problem of the New Testament's Use of the Old......Page 33
I. The Role of the Septuagint......Page 34
II. The New Testament's Use of Isaiah......Page 37
III. Exegetical Techniques of Individual New Testament Authors......Page 38
IV. The Hermeneutical Problem of the New Testament's Use of the Old......Page 43
I. Life and Works......Page 45
II. Recent Research of Justin's Exegesis......Page 46
III. Justin's Exegesis of Isaiah......Page 47
IV. The Dialogue with Trypho......Page 48
V. Justin's Exegetical Methods......Page 50
1. Strengths......Page 52
2. Weaknesses......Page 54
Primary Sources......Page 55
Secondary Sources......Page 56
I. Life and Work (c. 130-200)......Page 58
II. Irenaeus as a Biblical Theologian......Page 59
III. Irenaeus's Use of the regula fidei as a Framework......Page 60
IV. Isaiah in the Demonstration of Apostolic Preaching......Page 61
V. Irenaeus's Hermeneutical Contribution......Page 65
Bibliography of Irenaeus......Page 67
I. Life and Works......Page 69
II. The Hermeneutic Approach of His Biblical Interpretation......Page 70
III. Clement's Exegetical Contribution......Page 72
Bibliography of Clement of Alexandria......Page 73
I. Life and Works (c. 185-254)......Page 75
II. Origen and the Alexandrian School......Page 76
III. The Controversy Evoked by Origen's Use of Allegory......Page 77
IV. The Recent Attempt to Rehabilitate Allegory......Page 78
V. Origen's Exegesis of Isaiah......Page 82
VI. Origen's Enduring Exegetical Contributions......Page 84
Bibliography of Origen......Page 85
6. Eusebius of Caesarea......Page 88
II. Eusebius's Exegetical Goals and Hermeneutical Approach......Page 89
III. Eusebius's Interpretation of Isaiah......Page 92
1. The Prophetic Selections (Eclogue)......Page 93
2. The Proof of the Gospel (Demonstratio Evangelica)......Page 95
3. Eusebius's Commentary on Isaiah......Page 97
Bibliography of Eusebius......Page 101
1. The Chronology of Jerome's Work on Isaiah......Page 103
2. The Development of His Exegetical Method......Page 104
3. Purpose, Approach, and Structure of the Isaiah Commentary......Page 105
4. ]erome's Hermeneutical Approach to Interpretation......Page 106
1. Textual Issues......Page 107
3. Historical Realia......Page 108
4. Establishing a Historical Context......Page 109
5. Jerome's Hermeneutical Approach......Page 110
6. Jerome's Theological Reflections......Page 112
III. An Evaluation of Jerome's Hermeneutics......Page 113
Bibliography of Jerome......Page 115
I. Life and Works......Page 117
II. Chrysostom's Commentary on Isaiah 1-8......Page 118
Bibliography of Chrysostom......Page 121
II. His Writings......Page 123
III. Cyril as a Biblical Scholar......Page 124
1. The Literal Sense......Page 125
2. The Spiritual Sense......Page 127
V. Cyril's Interpretation of the Book of Isaiah......Page 131
VI. Summary and Evaluation......Page 139
Bibliography of Cyril of Alexandria......Page 140
I. Introduction to the Antiochene School......Page 143
II. The Antiochene Background of Theodoret......Page 144
1. His Life and Works......Page 147
3. Theodoret and the Different Senses of Scripture......Page 148
1. Formal Features of His Commentary......Page 152
2. Substantive Features of Importance in his Commentary......Page 153
Bibliography of Theodoret......Page 159
I. The Literal and Figurative Senses according to Thomas......Page 161
II. Hermeneutical Issues Related to Thomas's Exegesis......Page 164
1. Its Structure and Goal......Page 166
2. Various Levels of Interpretation......Page 167
3. Biblical Interpretation and Philosophical Categories......Page 173
IV. Conclusions......Page 175
Bibliography of Thomas......Page 177
12. Nicholas of Lyra......Page 180
1. The First Prologue......Page 181
2. The Second Prologue......Page 182
3. The Third Prologue......Page 183
III. Difficulties in Interpreting Nicholas's Hermeneutics......Page 184
IV. Nicholas's Commentary on the Book of Isaiah......Page 186
V. The Postilla Moralis......Page 189
VI. Summary Reflections and Conclusions......Page 190
Bibliography of Nicholas of Lyra......Page 192
II. Luther's Exegetical Tradition......Page 194
III. Luther's Exegetical Approach......Page 198
1. Formal Characteristics of Luther's Isaiah Exegesis......Page 205
2. The Nature of Prophecy......Page 207
3. Luther's Dialectical Method......Page 208
4. The Messianic Hope of Isaiah......Page 211
5. The Remnant......Page 213
V. Biblical Theological Reflections on Luther's Exegesis......Page 216
Bibliography of Martin Luther......Page 217
I. Introduction......Page 220
II. Calvin's Exegetical Method......Page 221
III. Calvin's Exegetical Consistency......Page 222
1. The Plain Sense......Page 223
2. Human and Divine Intentionality......Page 225
3. Calvin's Understanding of History......Page 226
4. The Relation of the Two Testaments......Page 228
5. The Homiletical Use of the Old Testament......Page 230
1. The Formal Side of his Interpretation......Page 231
2. Calvin's Exegetical Method in Isaiah......Page 232
Bibliography of John Calvin......Page 240
I. Grotius and Calov......Page 243
1. Life and Works......Page 248
2. Cocceius's Understanding of Scripture and Theology......Page 249
3. Cocceius and Heilsgeschichte......Page 251
4. Cocceius's Apocalyptic Understanding of History......Page 252
5. Cocceius's Interpretation of Isaiah......Page 254
6. Summary and Evaluation......Page 256
1. Life and Works......Page 257
3. Commentary on Isaiah......Page 258
4. An Evaluation of Vitringa's Hermeneutical Contributions......Page 262
IV. Robert Lowth (1710-87)......Page 263
2. Lowth's Exegetical Approach to Isaiah......Page 264
3. Lowth's Hermeneutical Contributions......Page 266
1. Life and Works......Page 268
2. The Purpose, Structure, and Style of the Commentary......Page 269
3. Calmet's Interpretation of Isaiah......Page 270
Bibliography of Seventeenthand Eighteenth-Century Interpreters......Page 273
I. Historical Critical Commentaries of the Early Nineteenth Century......Page 278
1. J.A. Alexander......Page 279
2. Joseph Knabenbauer......Page 281
III. Mediating Confessional Positions: J. C. K. von Hofmann and Franz Delitzsch......Page 283
1. J. C. K. von Hofmann......Page 284
2. Franz Delitzsch (1813-90)......Page 285
1. Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1841-1915)......Page 290
2. Andrew Bruce Davidson......Page 292
3. Samuel Rolles Driver (1846-1914) and John Skinner (1851-1925)......Page 294
4. George Adam Smith (1856-1942)......Page 297
Bibliography of the Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Interpreters......Page 301
I. The Nature of Postmodern Interpretation......Page 304
II. Characteristic Traits of a Postmodern Interpretation of Isaiah......Page 306
III. Theological Implications of a Postmodern Interpretation......Page 307
Selected Bibliography of Postmodern Interpretation......Page 309
I. The Goals of the Analysis Reviewed......Page 312
1. The Authority of Scripture......Page 313
2. The Literal and Spiritual Senses of Scripture......Page 315
3. Scripture's Two Testaments......Page 317
4. The Divine and Human Authorship of Scripture......Page 322
5. The Christological Content of the Christian Bible......Page 326
6. The Dialectical Nature of History......Page 330
7. History and the Final Form of the Text......Page 333
III. Summary of the Hermeneutical Conclusion......Page 335
Bibliography of Hermeneutical Conclusions......Page 336
Index of Authors......Page 338
Index of Subjects......Page 344