The Stromboli Volcano: An Integrated Study of the 2002-2003 Eruption

The Stromboli Volcano: An Integrated Study of the 2002?2003 Eruption......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 8
The Stromboli Volcano: An Integrated Study of the 2002?2003 Eruption?Introduction......Page 10
1. Introduction......Page 13
2. Geological and Structural Evolution of the Island......Page 14
3. Lateral Instability......Page 17
4. Submerged Structures......Page 20
5. Discusion and Conclusions......Page 21
References......Page 22
1. Introduction......Page 26
2. Volcanological Characteristics of the Present-Day Activity......Page 27
3. Mineralogical, Chemical, and Isotopic Characteristics of Products from the Present-Day Activity......Page 32
4. Contributions from Microanalytical Sr Isotope Data......Page 36
5. Contributions from Melt Inclusions......Page 37
6. Constraints on the Feeding System and Dynamics of the Present-Day Activity......Page 41
References......Page 42
1. Curent Explosive Activity at Stromboli......Page 45
2. Shallow Conduit Proceses......Page 48
4. Position of the Magma Level......Page 49
5. Gas Flux Control......Page 50
6. Degasing Magma Column......Page 51
References......Page 52
1. Introduction......Page 55
2. Volatile Budget at Stromboli Island......Page 56
3. Geochemical Investigations on Thermal waters......Page 61
4. Concluding Remarks......Page 66
References......Page 68
1. Introduction......Page 70
2. Methodologies for Crater Gas Studies......Page 71
3. Quiescent Magma Degasing......Page 73
4. Explosive Magma Degasing......Page 77
5. Implications for the Magma Feeding System......Page 79
6. Conclusions......Page 82
References......Page 83
1. Introduction......Page 86
2. Conduit Structure Imaged From Wave form Inversion......Page 88
References......Page 96
1. Introduction......Page 98
2. Methods......Page 99
3. Volcanic Activity at Stromboli Prior to the 2002?2003 Eruption......Page 101
5. Discussion......Page 105
References......Page 108
1. Introduction......Page 110
3. Results......Page 111
4. Data Interpretation......Page 117
References......Page 119
1. Introduction......Page 121
2. Data Gathering : Methodology......Page 122
3. The Pizo Sopra la Fosa Area......Page 123
4. The Basal Thermal Aquifer......Page 124
5. Geochemical Changes Before the Eruption Onset......Page 126
References......Page 130
Slope Failures Induced by the December 2002 Eruption at Stromboli Volcano......Page 133
1. Introduction......Page 134
2. Geologic Framework......Page 135
3. Investigations......Page 136
4. The 28?30 December Instabilit y Sequence......Page 139
5. Reconstruction of the Geometry of the Slides......Page 140
6. Hypotheses on the Instability Mechanisms......Page 145
7. Conclusive Remarks......Page 147
References......Page 148
1. Introduction......Page 150
3. Eyewitnes Accounts......Page 151
4. Tsunami Field Surveys......Page 153
5. Numerical Simulations......Page 155
References......Page 158
1. Introduction......Page 160
3. The Subaerial SdF and the 30 December 2002 partial colapse event......Page 161
4. Data and Methods......Page 163
5. Outline Morphology......Page 164
7. The Landslide Deposits......Page 165
8. Discusion......Page 169
9. Conclusions......Page 170
References......Page 171
1. Introduction......Page 173
2. Field surveys and data procesing......Page 174
3. Data analysis and discusion......Page 177
4. Conclusions......Page 182
References......Page 184
1. Introduction......Page 185
2. Monitoring Networks......Page 186
3. Comparison Among edm, theodoros, and GB-Insar Data......Page 190
4. Warning System......Page 193
5. Discusion and Conclusive Remarks......Page 194
References......Page 201
1. Introduction......Page 202
3. Chronology of the Eruption......Page 203
4. Lava Flow Field Emplacement Mechanisms......Page 205
5. Main Parameters Controling Lava Flow Emplacement......Page 208
6. Discusion......Page 210
References......Page 211
1. Introduction......Page 213
2. The 2002?2003 Eruptive Activity......Page 214
3. Sampling......Page 215
4. Petrography and Chemistry of the Products......Page 217
5. Discussion......Page 223
6. The Trigger of the Effusive Activity......Page 225
References......Page 226
1. Introduction......Page 229
2. Remote -Sensin g Techniques for Lava Flow Monitoring......Page 230
3. 2002?2003 Stromboli Eruption Monitoring......Page 231
5. Eruption Narrative and Evolution of the Lava Flow Fields......Page 232
6. Results from the Photogrammetric Surveys......Page 237
7. Lava Discharge Behavior During the Eruption......Page 242
8. Concluding Remarks......Page 244
References......Page 245
1. Introduction......Page 247
2. Monitoring System Description......Page 248
3. Data Discussion......Page 251
References......Page 256
1. Introduction......Page 258
3. Very Long Period Events and Gas Flux During the Eruption......Page 259
5. Infrasonic?Thermal Delay Times and Position of the Magma Column......Page 261
6. Migration of the VLP Seismic Source......Page 263
References......Page 264
1. Introduction......Page 267
2. Structure of the Monitoring Network......Page 268
4. Data Presentation and Discussion......Page 269
References......Page 274
1. Introduction......Page 276
4. VLP Events......Page 277
References......Page 282
1. Introduction......Page 284
2. Fluid Flow Measurement Techniques......Page 285
4. Results......Page 288
5. Interpretation and Dis cussi on......Page 292
References......Page 298
1. Introduction......Page 301
3. Effects on the Instrument Arrays and thermal Image Acquisition......Page 302
4. Event Chronology......Page 307
5. Timing Errors and uncertainties......Page 310
References......Page 311
1. Introduction......Page 313
3. Deposit Features......Page 314
4. Physical Features of the Erupted Material......Page 318
5. Eruptive Dynamics......Page 322
6. Comparison With Other Paroxysmal Events......Page 323
References......Page 324
Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Isotopic Characteristics of the Ejecta From the 5 April 2003 Paroxysm at Stromboli, Italy:Inferences on the Preeruptive Magma Dynamics......Page 326
2. Juvenile Ejecta......Page 327
3. Subvolcanic Lithic Ejecta......Page 334
4. Conclusions......Page 337
References......Page 339
1. Introduction......Page 341
2. Eruptive Activity During 2002?2003......Page 342
4. Geochemical Changes Heralding the 5 April Paroxysm......Page 345
5. Concluding Remarks......Page 349
References......Page 351
1. Introduction......Page 353
3. The 5 April 2003 Paroxysm as Measured by the LiSA System......Page 354
5. Analysis of the Explosion-Induced Ground Deformation......Page 359
6. Conclusion......Page 360
References......Page 366
1. Introduction......Page 367
3. Volcanic Eruptions and Damage of the 20th Century......Page 368
4. Effects of the 30 December Tsunami and 5 April Explosion......Page 369
5. The Italian Civil Protection System......Page 370
7. Emergency Management......Page 371
8. Integration of Civil Protection and the Scientific Community......Page 373
9. Other Measures for the Volcanic Risk Mitigation......Page 374
11. Discussion......Page 376
12. Conclusive Remarks......Page 378
References......Page 379
1. Introduction......Page 380
2. Onset of the Eruptive Activity and the Associated Emergency......Page 381
3. Main Immediate Interventions......Page 384
4. Main Scientific Actions Planned and Undertaken in the Course of 2003......Page 386
5. Concluding Remarks......Page 388
References......Page 389
Index\r......Page 391