The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry

Title Page\r......Page 3
Copyright\r......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
FOREWORD: R. Alan Plumb?A Brief Biographical Sketch and Personal Tribute......Page 6
REFERENCES......Page 10
PREFACE......Page 11
Introduction......Page 12
REFERENCES......Page 13
2. A LITTLE HISTORY......Page 15
3. WAVE?MEAN FLOW INTERACTIONS......Page 16
4. GRAVITY WAVES, CRITICAL LEVELS,AND WAVE BREAKING......Page 18
5. QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION......Page 22
6. PLANETARY WAVES AND STRATOSPHERICSUDDEN WARMINGS......Page 24
7. ATMOSPHERIC TIDES......Page 27
8. STRATOSPHERIC OZONE CHEMISTRY......Page 28
9. STRATOSPHERIC TRANSPORT......Page 29
REFERENCES......Page 30
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 33
2. LINEAR THEORY OF WAVE PROPAGATION......Page 34
3. CRITICAL LAYERS AND BREAKING......Page 38
4. THE WAVES’ IMPACT ON STRATOSPHERIC STRUCTURE......Page 39
5. VARIATIONS OF THE STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE SYSTEM......Page 41
6. LINEAR THEORY REVISITED: UPWARD PROPAGATION OR MODES?......Page 43
7. WAVE AMPLIFICATIONS AND WARMINGS: QUASI-RESONANCES?......Page 47
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 48
REFERENCES......Page 49
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 52
2. CLIMATOLOGICAL STRUCTURE......Page 53
3. POTENTIAL VORTICITY DYNAMICS......Page 54
4. EXTREME EVENTS......Page 58
5. STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE COUPLING......Page 60
6. TRENDS......Page 61
7. OUTSTANDING ISSUES......Page 62
REFERENCES......Page 63
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 67
2. OBSERVED AM STRUCTURE......Page 68
3. ELEMENTARY IDEAS ON ANNULAR MODE DYNAMICS......Page 77
4. ANNULAR MODES IN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS......Page 83
APPENDIX A......Page 94
REFERENCES......Page 96
2. ZONAL WINDS......Page 100
3. QBO AND SAO MECHANISMS......Page 102
4. MERIDIONAL STRUCTURE......Page 105
5. IMPACT ON THE EXTRATROPICS......Page 106
6. INTERACTION WITH THE 11-YEAR SOLAR CYCLE......Page 109
7. IMPACT ON TRACER TRANSPORT......Page 110
8. IMPACT ON THE TROPOSPHERE......Page 112
REFERENCES......Page 113
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 115
2. GRAVITY WAVE EFFECTS IN/ON THE STRATOSPHERE......Page 116
3. OBSERVATIONS OF GRAVITY WAVE MOMENTUM FLUX......Page 120
4. SOURCES AND WAVE-GENERATIONMECHANISMS......Page 123
5. SUMMARY......Page 124
REFERENCES......Page 125
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 128
2. TEMPERATURE DATA......Page 129
3. TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS......Page 130
4. STRATOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR......Page 133
5. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 138
2. OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY......Page 141
3. TRACER TRANSPORT DIAGNOSTICS:TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES......Page 149
4. NUMERICAL TRANSPORT SCHEMES......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 157
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND......Page 161
2. OBSERVATIONS OF THE ANTARCTICOZONE HOLE......Page 162
3. DYNAMICS OF THE ANTARCTIC CIRCULATION......Page 163
4. CHEMISTRY OF THE OZONE HOLE......Page 167
5. FUTURE OF THE OZONE HOLE......Page 172
REFERENCES......Page 173
2.1. Absorption of Solar Spectral Radiationby the Atmosphere......Page 176
2.3. Variations in Solar Spectral Irradiance......Page 177
2.4. Variability of Fluxes and Heating Rates......Page 179
3.1. Observations......Page 181
3.2. Dynamical Response to Changes in Irradiance......Page 183
4.2. UV Photochemistry......Page 185
5. COUPLING BETWEEN THE STRATOSPHERE AND THE TROPOSPHERE......Page 186
REFERENCES......Page 188
AGU Category Index......Page 191
Index......Page 192