The Strategic Management of Place at Work: Why, What, How and Where

Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
The Strategic Management of Places: Applying a Framework to Analyze Local Economies
	1 Introduction
	2 Factors of Production and Resources
		2.1 Physical Resources
		2.2 Physical Capital
		2.3 Research and Development
		2.4 Universities
		2.5 Unskilled Labor
		2.6 Skilled Labor
		2.7 Human Capital
		2.8 Creative Class
	3 Spatial Structure and Organizational Dimension
		3.1 Clusters
		3.2 Market Power
		3.3 Competition
		3.4 Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
		3.5 Specialization and Diversity
	4 Human Dimension
		4.1 Networks and Linkages
		4.2 Social Capital
		4.3 Identity and Image
		4.4 Leadership
	5 Public Policy
	6 Conclusion: Applying the Framework
	References
Part I: Strategic Management of Places and Economic Development
	Economic Development in an Autonomous Region Within a State
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Factors of the Production Dimension
				2.1.1 Physical Capital and Resources
				2.1.2 Human Capital
				2.1.3 Education
			2.2 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
			2.3 Human Dimension
		3 Strategies and Recommendations
			3.1 Youth Unemployment
			3.2 Unemployment
			3.3 Independence Movement
			3.4 Pandemics such as COVID-19
		4 Counterarguments
			4.1 Youth Unemployment and Unemployment
			4.2 Independence Movement
		5 Conclusion
		References
	An Analysis for Strategic Locational Management: The Case of Lombardy
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Factors of Production
				2.1.1 Physical Resources
				2.1.2 Physical Capital
				2.1.3 Universities
				2.1.4 Research and Development
				2.1.5 Skilled and Unskilled Labor
				2.1.6 Human Capital
			2.2 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				2.2.1 Clusters in the Lombardy Region
				2.2.2 Entrepreneurship and Specialization
			2.3 Human Dimension
				2.3.1 Networks and Linkages
				2.3.2 Social Capital
				2.3.3 Identity and Image
				2.3.4 Leadership
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Policy Recommendations and Justifications
				3.1.1 Extend Broadband Coverage
				3.1.2 Reduce Skill Mismatch
				3.1.3 Human Factors
		4 Counterarguments
		5 Conclusion
		References
	The Economic Performance of Las Vegas: Shaping Culture and Identity Through Economic Policy
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Introduction of the Strategic Management of Places Framework
				2.1.1 How Las Vegas Fits the Framework
				2.1.2 Framework of Factors of Production in Las Vegas
				2.1.3 Framework of Spatial and Organizational Dimension in Las Vegas
				2.1.4 Framework of Human Dimension in Las Vegas
			2.2 Factors of Production
			2.3 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
			2.4 Human Dimension
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Policy Recommendations and Justifications
				3.1.1 Connect Universities and Research to Regional Growth
				3.1.2 Invest in a Cultural Economy Initiative
			3.2 Counterarguments
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Strategic Management of Places: The Case of Singapore
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Factors of Production
				2.1.1 Physical Resources and Physical Capital
				2.1.2 Universities and Research and Development
				2.1.3 Skilled and Unskilled Labor
			2.2 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				2.2.1 Diversity and Specialization
				2.2.2 Entrepreneurship
			2.3 Human Dimension
				2.3.1 Leadership
				2.3.2 Identity and Image
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Policy Recommendations and Justifications
				3.1.1 Lack of Creativity
				3.1.2 Income Inequalities
				3.1.3 Lack of Freedom
				3.1.4 COVID-19
			3.2 Counterarguments
				3.2.1 Lack of Creativity
				3.2.2 Income Inequalities
				3.2.3 Lack of Freedom
		4 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Employment, Labor Force and Equality
	Regional Differences in Unemployment: The German Case
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Introducing the Framework
			2.2 Factors of Production
				2.2.1 Impact and Differences of R&D Activity
				2.2.2 Reasons for the Differences
			2.3 Spatial Structure and Organization
				2.3.1 Differences in Entrepreneurship
				2.3.2 Germanys´ Hidden Champions
			2.4 The Human Dimension
				2.4.1 Perceptions and Attractability
				2.4.2 Social Capital
				2.4.3 Networks and People
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Fostering R&D: Setting up Tax Incentives
			3.2 Boosting Innovative and High-Growth Entrepreneurship
			3.3 Reduce the Brain Drain: Attract the East German Youth
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Analyzing Youth Unemployment and Brain Drain in Southern Italy
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 State of the Italian Economy
			2.2 Problem Origins
			2.3 Factors of Production
				2.3.1 Universities
				2.3.2 Unskilled and Skilled Labor
				2.3.3 Human Capital
			2.4 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				2.4.1 Market Power
				2.4.2 Competition
				2.4.3 Entrepreneurship
				2.4.4 Specialization
				2.4.5 Diversity
			2.5 Human Dimension
				2.5.1 Networks and Linkages
				2.5.2 Social Capital
				2.5.3 Identity and Image
				2.5.4 Leadership
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Increasing Foreign Direct Investment Inflows
				3.1.1 Startup Culture
				3.1.2 Corruption Law Enforcement
				3.1.3 Infrastructure in the South
			3.2 Reducing Youth Unemployment
				3.2.1 Labor Law Reforms
				3.2.2 Investing in Human Capital
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Skilled Labor Shortages: The Bavarian Case
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Bavaria Within the Theoretical Framework
			2.2 Issues Related to the Lack of Skilled Labor
				2.2.1 Larger Attractiveness of an Academic Career Compared to an Apprenticeship
				2.2.2 Decreasing the Number of Apprenticeship Offers
				2.2.3 Demographic Problem
				2.2.4 Low Level of Education
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Increasing Apprenticeship Attractiveness
			3.2 Reducing the Number of People Leaving School Before Graduating
			3.3 Apprenticeship Opportunities for Low-Educated Students
			3.4 Increase the Attractiveness for Companies to Offer Apprenticeship
			3.5 Integrate Refugees and Immigrants
			3.6 Older Workforce
		4 Conclusion
		References
	The Gender Pay Gap in France
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Strategic Management of Places Framework
			2.2 Cultural Dimensions by Hofstede
		3 Evolution of Gender Pay Gap in France
			3.1 Definition
			3.2 Causes, Components, and Impact Factors of the Gender Pay Gap
				3.2.1 Gender Discrimination
				3.2.2 Occupational Segregation
				3.2.3 Soft Skills
				3.2.4 Education
				3.2.5 Differences in Hours Worked
				3.2.6 Country Comparison of the Main Reasons
				3.2.7 GPG Awareness and Measures by the State for Mitigating the GPG
		4 Policy Implications
			4.1 Macron´s Policy Initiative
			4.2 Key Findings of the EU Action Plan
			4.3 Strategies and Responses of Other European Countries
				4.3.1 Transparency Initiatives
				4.3.2 Minimum Wage Floors
				4.3.3 Role of Wage-Setting Institutions
			4.4 Transferable Strategies to Close France´s Gender Pay Gap
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Population Decline: Detroit´s Exodus
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Shrinking Cities
			2.2 Background of Detroit
			2.3 Factors of Production and Resources: Education
			2.4 Organization and Structure: Diversity
			2.5 Organization and Structure: Clusters
			2.6 The Human Element: Image
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Factors of Production and Resources: Education
			3.2 Organization and Structure: Clusters and Diversity
			3.3 The Human Element: Image
		4 Conclusion
		References
	The Impact of Hosting the World Cup on the Economic Performance and Labor Conditions of Qatar
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Context and Problem Description
			2.2 Factors of Production
				2.2.1 Physical Capital
				2.2.2 Human Capital
			2.3 Human Dimension
				2.3.1 Social Capital
				2.3.2 Identity and Image
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Policy Recommendations: Factors of Production
			3.2 Policy Recommendations: Human Dimension
		4 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Environmental Challenges, Economic Development and the Region
	The Norwegian Paradox: Analyzing Overdependence on Oil Exports
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Factors of Production
				2.1.1 Physical Resources
				2.1.2 Skilled and Unskilled Labor
				2.1.3 Capital
			2.2 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				2.2.1 Market Power
				2.2.2 Entrepreneurship
				2.2.3 Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
			2.3 Human Dimension
				2.3.1 Social Capital, Networks, and Linkages
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Fostering Startups
				3.1.1 Embracing Failure
				3.1.2 Government Investment
				3.1.3 Accelerators and Incubators
				3.1.4 Immigrant Entrepreneurship
			3.2 Investing in Education
				3.2.1 Investing in SMEs
				3.2.2 Utilizing Apprenticeships
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Fracking in Texas: Effects on Economic Development and Future Outlook
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 The Texan Economy
			2.2 Factors of Production
				2.2.1 Water Contamination/Usage
			2.3 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				2.3.1 Air Pollution
				2.3.2 Earthquakes
				2.3.3 Real Estate
			2.4 Human Dimension
				2.4.1 Health Issues
				2.4.2 Effects on Human Capital Investment
				2.4.3 Loss of Pride in the Area
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Implementations for Water Usage
			3.2 Regulations of Chemicals
			3.3 Zoning Regulations
			3.4 Strengthening Mineral Rights
			3.5 Entrepreneurship and Universities
		4 Conclusion
		References
	The Economic Impact of Air Pollution in Beijing
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Causes of Air Pollution in Beijing
			2.2 Factors of Production
				2.2.1 Physical Resources: Reliance on Coal for Energy Production
				2.2.2 Human Capital: Health Implications
			2.3 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				2.3.1 Market Power: China´s Role and Commitment in the World Economy
				2.3.2 Entrepreneurship: Challenges with Green Energy Startups
			2.4 Human Dimension
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Policy Recommendations: Factors of Production
				3.1.1 Physical Resources Incentivize Solar Energy
				3.1.2 Human Capital Preserve and Build Ecological Environment
			3.2 Policy Recommendations: Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				3.2.1 Market Power: Strengthening Interprovincial Trade and Interior Regions
				3.2.2 Entrepreneurship Support Opportunities for Green Energy Startups
			3.3 Policy Recommendations: Human Dimension
				3.3.1 Leadership: Fighting Corruption on a Sustainable Scale
		4 Conclusion
		References
	The Intersection of Environmental Policy, Public Health, & Economic Performance in Shanghai
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Factors of Production
				2.1.1 Physical Resources
				2.1.2 Physical Capital
				2.1.3 Human Capital
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Personal Prevention Methods
			3.2 Renewable Energy Resources
			3.3 Energy Efficiency and Building Materials & Design
			3.4 Cap and Trade
			3.5 Green Spaces
			3.6 White Roofs
			3.7 Green Roofs
			3.8 Urban Agriculture
			3.9 Permeable Pavements
		4 Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Strategic Challenges and Outlook for Places
	The Past, the Present, and the Future in Vorarlberg and Tyrol
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Physical Assets: Land of Mountains
			2.2 Spatial and Organizational Dimension: Large, Vibrant Economics in Vorarlberg and Tyrol
				2.2.1 Competition & Diversification
				2.2.2 Entrepreneurship
			2.3 Human Dimension: The `it´ Factor
				2.3.1 Networks and Linkage
				2.3.2 Social Capital
				2.3.3 Identity and Image
				2.3.4 Leadership
				2.3.5 Current Crises: Climate Change and the Economy
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Strengthen the University Network and Retain Talents
			3.2 Secure Tourism by Combating Climate Change
			3.3 Foster Entrepreneurial Activity
		4 Counterarguments
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Taranto: Revitalizing the Energy of a Mediterranean Port City
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Factors of Production
				2.1.1 Physical Resources: Aging Housing Stock and Abandoned Farm Properties
				2.1.2 Physical Capital: Where Did It Go?
				2.1.3 R&D Capabilities and Activities
				2.1.4 Workers in Taranto
				2.1.5 Creative Class
			2.2 Spatial and Organizational Dimensions
				2.2.1 Market Power
				2.2.2 Specialization
				2.2.3 Competition
				2.2.4 Clusters
			2.3 Human Dimension: Greek, Roman, and Moorish Roots
				2.3.1 Network Linkages
				2.3.2 Identity and Image
				2.3.3 Leadership
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Policy Recommendations and Justifications
				3.1.1 Bring Ilva to EU Standards
				3.1.2 Expansion and Creation of New Green Economy
				3.1.3 Expansion of Entrepreneurial Capacity
				3.1.4 Incentivization of Creativespiepr146 Class
				3.1.5 Expansion of Tourism and Portspiepr146 Usage
			3.2 Counterarguments
				3.2.1 Funding These Projects Will be Problematic
				3.2.2 Ilva Cannot be Economically or Environmentally Viable
				3.2.3 If an LNG Facility Was Deemed Unfeasible in the Past, Why Consider it Now?
				3.2.4 Economic and Tourism Investments Are Not Sustainable with Existing Pollution Issues Created by Ilva
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Overdependence in Silicon Valley on the Technology Industry
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Methodology and Data Description
			2.2 Analysis of the Region in Terms of Factors of Production, Spatial Organization, Structure, and the Human Dimension
				2.2.1 General Overview
				2.2.2 Factors of Production
				2.2.3 Spatial Structure and Organization
				2.2.4 Human Dimension
			2.3 Central Issues Identified
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Solutions for High-Risk Startup Culture
			3.2 Solutions to the Low Number of Jobs in the High-Tech Industry
			3.3 Solutions to International External Threats Faced by the Tech Industry
			3.4 Solutions Regarding Lack of Innovation in Non-Tech Industries
		4 Conclusion
		References
	New York City: The Challenges of the American Dream
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Overview
			1.2 Relevant History
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Introduction to the Strategic Management of Places Framework
			2.2 Factors of Production
				2.2.1 Physical Resources
				2.2.2 Physical Capital
				2.2.3 Knowledge Generation
				2.2.4 Human Capital and Working Force
			2.3 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				2.3.1 Manhattan
				2.3.2 Queens
				2.3.3 Brooklyn
				2.3.4 Staten Island
				2.3.5 Bronx
			2.4 Human Dimension
				2.4.1 Poverty
				2.4.2 Healthcare Sector
				2.4.3 High-Tech Industry
				2.4.4 Green Spaces
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Policy Recommendations and Justifications
			3.2 Counterarguments
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Dubai: A City of Contradictions
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Factors in Production
			2.2 Spatial and Organizational Dimensions
				2.2.1 Diversification through Industrialization
				2.2.2 Composition of Key Sectors
				2.2.3 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
				2.2.4 Immigrants
				2.2.5 Environmental Issues
			2.3 Human Dimension
				2.3.1 Networks and Linkages
				2.3.2 Social Capital
				2.3.3 Identity and Image
				2.3.4 Leadership
		3 Strategies
			3.1 Policy Recommendations and Justifications
				3.1.1 Strengthen the Universities
				3.1.2 Human Rights
			3.2 Counterarguments
				3.2.1 Strengthen the Universities
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Cape Town: Making Progress Possible Together?
		1 Introduction
		2 Problem Analysis
			2.1 Factors of Production
			2.2 Physical Resources and Capital
				2.2.1 Infrastructure
				2.2.2 Skilled and Unskilled Labor Force
			2.3 Spatial and Organizational Dimension
				2.3.1 Market Power
				2.3.2 Competition
				2.3.3 Entrepreneurship
				2.3.4 Clusters
			2.4 Human Dimension
				2.4.1 Networks and Linkages
				2.4.2 Social Capital
				2.4.3 Identity and Image
				2.4.4 Leadership
			2.5 Overall Concern: Water Crisis Highly Affecting Economic Development
		3 Problem Solution
			3.1 Policy Recommendations and Justifications
				3.1.1 Infrastructure
				3.1.2 Natural Resources
				3.1.3 Entrepreneurial Development
				3.1.4 Human Resources
		4 Counterarguments
			4.1 The Question of Money
			4.2 The Role of Time and External Shocks
			4.3 The Challenge of Coordination and Motivation
			4.4 The Deep Roots of Culture
		5 Conclusion
		References