The Stirling Castle, a 70-gun Ship Lost in the Great Storm of 1703: Archaeological Investigations 1979-2009

Front Cover
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
1: Introduction
2: Vessel History: Building, Service and Loss
	2.1 Background (1660–1674)
		2.1.1 The Thirty Ships (1674–1688)
	2.2 The Active Service of the Stirling Castle
		2.2.1 1690–1699
		2.2.2 Rebuild and Renewal
		2.2.3 1699–1703
	2.3 The Crew of the Stirling Castle: March 1701 to November 1703
	2.4 The Loss of the Stirling Castle: 26–28 November 1703
	2.5 Conclusion
3: The Archaeological History of the Stirling Castle
	3.1 Archaeological Investigation
		3.1.1 Discovery and Exploration: 1979–1991
		3.1.2 1992–2002
		3.1.3 2003–2009
		3.1.4 Conclusion
	3.2 Ownership, Archive Access and Dissemination
		3.2.1 Ownership
		3.2.2 Archive Access
		3.2.3 Archive Dissemination
	3.3 The Stirling Castle in the Context of Maritime Archaeology in England and the UK
		3.3.1 Methodology and Management
		3.3.2 Resources, Public Access and Dissemination
			3.3.2.1 Resources
			3.3.2.2 Access and Dissemination
4: Site Environment and Geophysical Survey
	4.1 The Natural Environment
		4.1.1 Geology
		4.1.2 Hydrodynamic Regime and Sediment Transport
		4.1.3 Goodwin Sands Historical (pre-1990s) Evolution
	4.2 Geophysical Survey
		4.2.1 Singlebeam Bathymetry
			4.2.1.1 1997
			4.2.1.2 1998
			4.2.1.3 1999
		4.2.2 Multibeam Bathymetry
			4.2.2.1 July 2002
			4.2.2.2 April 2005
			4.2.2.3 September 2005
			4.2.2.4 March 2006
			4.2.2.5 August 2006
			4.2.2.6 September 2009
		4.2.3 Sidescan Sonar
			4.2.3.1 2000
			4.2.3.2 2002
			4.2.3.3 2005
			4.2.3.4 2008
			4.2.3.5 2009
		4.2.4 Acoustic Ground Discrimination
		4.2.5 Magnetometer
		4.2.6 Grain Size Analysis
		4.2.7 Sub-bottom
	4.3 Meso- and Wreck-Scale Site Evolution
		4.3.1 Annual Meso-Scale Site Evolution
			4.3.1.1 July 2002–April 2005
			4.3.1.2 April 2005–August 2006
			4.3.1.3 August 2006–September 2009
		4.3.2 Annual/Monthly Wreck-Scale Site Evolution
			4.3.2.1 July 2002–April 2005
			4.3.2.2 April 2005–September 2005
			4.3.2.3 September 2005–March 2006
			4.3.2.4 March 2006–August 2006
			4.3.2.5 August 2006–September 2009
		4.3.3 Maximum and Minimum Depth Locations
	4.4 Discussion
5: The In Situ Archaeological Remains of the Stirling Castle
	5.1 Initial Site Formation Processes
	5.2 Site Development: Methodology
		5.2.1 Observations on Overall Correlation
	5.3 Site Development: 1979–2009
		5.3.1 Discovery: 1979
		5.3.2 Re-Emergence: 1998–2000
			5.3.2.1 Stern Area
			5.3.2.2 Amidships
			5.3.2.3 Bow Area
			5.3.2.4 Summary
		5.3.3 Reburial: 2002–2009
	5.4 Discussion
6: Stirling Castle: Ship Structure and Shipbuilding
	6.1 Overview
		6.1.1 Construction Summary
	6.2 Framing
		6.2.1 Futtocks
		6.2.2 Deck Beams
		6.2.3 Stern Structure
	6.3 Planking and Fastening
	6.4 Rudder and Steering Mechanism
	6.5 Discussion
7: Organic Material
	7.1 Methodology
	7.2 Recovered Artefacts by Material
		7.2.1 Plant Remains
		7.2.2 Bamboo
		7.2.3 Bone and Ivory
		7.2.4 Cork
		7.2.5 Fibre
		7.2.6 Gourd and Coconut
		7.2.7 Leather
		7.2.8 Textile
		7.2.9 Tar
		7.2.10 Wood
			7.2.10.1 Containers
			7.2.10.2 Dress and Personal Accessories
			7.2.10.3 Entertainment/Leisure
			7.2.10.4 Food Preparation and Consumption
			7.2.10.5 Navigation and Measurement
			7.2.10.6 Tools and Equipment
			7.2.10.7 Ship’s Fixtures and Fittings
			7.2.10.8 Weapons
			7.2.10.9 Miscellaneous
	7.3 Discussion
		7.3.1 Galley Objects
		7.3.2 Dress Accessories
		7.3.3 Personal/Leisure Items
		7.3.4 Tools and Equipment
	7.4 Conclusion
8: Glass
	8.1 Introduction and Methodology
		8.1.1 Scientific Examination and Analysis
	8.2 Recovered Artefacts by Type
		8.2.1 Bottles
			8.2.1.1 Onion Bottles
			8.2.1.2 Square-Sided Bottles
			8.2.1.3 Cylindrical Bottles
		8.2.2 Drinking Glasses
		8.2.3 Timing Glasses
		8.2.4 Window Glass
		8.2.5 Miscellaneous
	8.3 Scientific Examination and Analysis
		8.3.1 Methods of Analysis
		8.3.2 Results
			8.3.2.1 Tableware
			8.3.2.2 The Bottles
				8.3.2.2 The Plate Window Glass
	8.4 Discussion
9: Metal
	9.1 Introduction and Methodology
		9.1.1 Scientific Examination and Analysis
	9.2 Eating and Drinking
		9.2.1 Plates
		9.2.2 Bowls, Dishes, Lids and Porringers
		9.2.3 Utensils
		9.2.4 Jugs, Tankards and Drinking Vessels
		9.2.5 Cooking Equipment
	9.3 Personal Artefacts
		9.3.1 Clothing and Attire
		9.3.2 Lighting
		9.3.3 Miscellaneous
	9.4 Ship’s Equipment and Fittings
		9.4.1 Navigation and Measurement
		9.4.2 Scuppers
		9.4.3 Miscellaneous
		9.4.4 Copper/Copper-Alloy Fastenings
		9.4.5 Unidentified Concretions
	9.5 Arms and Armament
		9.5.1 Swords
		9.5.2 Small Arms
		9.5.3 Ammunition
		9.5.4 Cannon
		9.5.5 Shot
	9.6 Scientific Examination and Analysis
		9.6.1 Methods of Analysis
		9.6.2 Results
			9.6.2.1 Navigational Dividers
			9.6.2.2 Pewter
	9.7 Discussion
10: Pottery
	10.1 Introduction and Methodology
	10.2 The Pottery
	10.3 Discussion
11: Stone, Brick and Clay Pipes
	11.1 Introduction and Methodology
	11.2 Recovered Artefacts by Type
		11.2.1 Navigational/Deck Slates
		11.2.2 Whetstones
		11.2.3 Bricks
		11.2.4 Clay Pipes
12: The Stirling Castle: 1677–2009
	12.1 Fighting the Ship
		12.1.1 Personal Weapons and Small Arms
	12.2 Navigation
		12.2.1 Navigational Practice c.1703
		12.2.2 The Navigational Equipment of the Stirling Castle
	12.3 Artefact Distribution
	12.4 Reflections on the Archaeology of the Stirling Castle
		12.4.1 Restoration Warship or Vessel of 1699?
		12.4.2 Shipwreck and Historical Archaeology of the Stirling Castle
	12.5 Conclusion
References
Appendices
Index
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