The Standards of Mesopotamia in the Third and Fourth Millennia Bce: An Iconographic Study (Orientalische Religionen in Der Antike)

Cover
Title
Preface
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: General Introduction
	1.1. Introduction
	1.2. Definition
	1.3. Previous Studies on Mesopotamian Standards
	1.4. Methodology
		1.4.1. Text and Image
		1.4.2. The Iconographic Method
		1.4.3. Sources
	1.5. Research Design
	1.6. Research Questions
	1.7. Outline
Chapter 2: The Uruk Period (4000–2900 BCE)
	2.1. Introduction
	2.2. Ring-Post
		2.2.1. Introduction
		2.2.2. Ring-Post with Streamer
		2.2.3. Ring-Post without Streamer
		2.2.4. Doppelvolute
		2.2.5. Ring-Post Summary
	2.3. Ringed Pole
	2.4. Bügelschaft
	2.5. Knobbed Pole
	2.6. Floral/Star Standard
	2.7. Uncertain
	2.8. Summary
Chapter 3: The Early Dynastic Period (2900–2334 BCE)
	3.1. Introduction
	3.2. Bügelschaft
		3.2.1. Scenes with the Bügelschaft in Association with Architecture
		3.2.2. Mythological Scenes with the Bügelschaft
		3.2.3. Summary
	3.3. Knobbed Pole
	3.4. Crescent Standard
		3.4.1. Simple Crescent Standard
		3.4.2. Crescent Standard with Animal-Footed Base
		3.4.3. Crescent Standard Summary
	3.5. Bird Standard
	3.6. Floral and Star Standards
	3.7. Uncertain
	3.8. Incorrectly Identified as Standards
		3.8.1. Bull Standard
		3.8.2. Crescent Standard
	3.9. Summary
Chapter 4: The Akkadian Period (2334–2150 BCE)
	4.1. Introduction
	4.2. Bügelschaft
		4.2.1. Introduction
		4.2.2. Contest Scenes and the Nude Hero
		4.2.3. In Association with Deities
		4.2.4. In Associations with Divine Symbols
		4.2.5. Scenes of Human Activity
		4.2.6. Decoration on the Bügelschaft
		4.2.7. Summary
	4.3. Knobbed Pole
	4.4. Crescent Standard
	4.5. Star Standard
	4.6. Pennant Standard
	4.7. Tasselled Standard
	4.8. Rod with Balls and Lion-Griffon Standard
	4.9. Uncertain
	4.10. Summary
Chapter 5: The Neo-Sumerian Period (2157–2004 BCE)
	5.1. Introduction
		5.1.1. Second Dynasty of Lagaš (circa twenty-second century BCE)
		5.1.2. Third Dynasty of Ur (2112–2004 BCE)
	5.2. Bügelschaft
	5.3. Crescent Standard
		5.3.1. Contest Scenes
		5.3.2. Presentation Scenes
		5.3.3. Adoration Scenes
		5.3.4. Unusual Scenes
		5.3.5. Summary
	5.4. Knobbed Pole
		5.4.1. ‘Typical’ Knobbed Pole
		5.4.2. Knobbed Pole Variations
		5.4.3. Summary
	5.5. Star Standard
	5.6. Rod with Balls
	5.7. Scorpion Standard
	5.8. Lion Standard
		5.8.1. Procession of Standards
		5.8.2. Contest Scenes
		5.8.3. Presentation Scenes
		5.8.4. Summary
	5.9. Bird and Bird-Man Standards
		5.9.1. Contest Scenes
		5.9.2. Presentation Scenes
		5.9.3. Adoration Scenes
		5.9.4. Boat Scene
		5.9.5. Processions of Standards
		5.9.6. Summary
	5.10. Anzu Standard
	5.11. Mušh̬uššu Standard
	5.12. Snake Standard
	5.13. Uncertain
	5.14. Summary
Chapter 6: Summaries, Analyses and Conclusions
	6.1. Summary and Analysis of Each Standard
		6.1.1. Ring-Post with Streamer
		6.1.2. Ring-Post without Streamer
		6.1.3. Doppelvolute
		6.1.4. Ringed Pole
		6.1.5. Bügelschaft
		6.1.6. Knobbed Pole
		6.1.7. Floral And Star Standards
		6.1.8. Crescent Standard
		6.1.9. Bird And Bird-Man Standards
		6.1.10. Anzu Standard
		6.1.11. Pennant Standard
		6.1.12. Tasselled Standard
		6.1.13. Rod With Balls
		6.1.14. Lion-Griffon Standard
		6.1.15. Lion Standard
		6.1.16. Scorpion Standard
		6.1.17. Mušh̬uššu Standard
		6.1.18. Snake Standard
	6.2. Summary and Analysis of Functions or Contexts
		6.2.1. Standards in a Ritual Context
		6.2.2. Battle Standards
		6.2.3. Standards in an Architectural Context
		6.2.4. Standards Associated with a Specific Place
	6.3. Summary and Analysis of Each Period
		6.3.1. The Uruk Period
		6.3.2. The Early Dynastic Period
		6.3.3. The Akkadian Period
		6.3.4. The Neo-Sumerian Period
	6.4. Final Conclusions
Catalogue
Bibliography
Index of Ancient Sources
Index of Authors
Subject Index