Now a New York Times Bestseller!
In high school, I wondered whether the Jamaican Americans
who made our track team so successful might carry some
special speed gene from their tiny island. In college, I ran
against Kenyans, and wondered whether endurance genes might
have traveled with them from East Africa. At the same time, I
began to notice that a training group on my team could
consist of five men who run next to one another, stride for
stride, day after day, and nonetheless turn out five entirely
different runners. How could this be?
We all knew a star athlete in high school. The one who made
it look so easy. He was the starting quarterback and
shortstop; she was the all-state point guard and high-jumper.
Naturals. Or were they?
The debate is as old as physical competition. Are stars like
Usain Bolt, Michael Phelps, and Serena Williams genetic
freaks put on Earth to dominate their respective sports? Or
are they simply normal people who overcame their biological
limits through sheer force of will and obsessive
training?
The truth is far messier than a simple dichotomy between
nature and nurture. In the decade since the sequencing of the
human genome, researchers have slowly begun to uncover how
the relationship between biological endowments and a
competitor’s training environment affects athleticism. Sports
scientists have gradually entered the era of modern genetic
research.
In this controversial and engaging exploration of athletic
success,
Sports Illustrated senior writer David
Epstein tackles the great nature vs. nurture debate and
traces how far science has come in solving this great riddle.
He investigates the so-called 10,000-hour rule to uncover
whether rigorous and consistent practice from a young age is
the only route to athletic excellence.
Along the way, Epstein dispels many of our perceptions about
why top athletes excel. He shows why some skills that we
assume are innate, like the bullet-fast reactions of a
baseball or cricket batter, are not, and why other
characteristics that we assume are entirely voluntary, like
an athlete’s will to train, might in fact have important
genetic components.
This subject necessarily involves digging deep into sensitive
topics like race and gender. Epstein explores controversial
questions such as:
- Are black athletes genetically predetermined to
dominate both sprinting and distance running, and are their
abilities influenced by Africa’s geography?
- Are there genetic reasons to separate male and female
athletes in competition?
- Should we test the genes of young children to determine
if they are destined for stardom?
- Can genetic testing determine who is at risk of injury,
brain damage, or even death on the field?
Through on-the-ground reporting from below the equator
and above the Arctic Circle, revealing conversations with
leading scientists and Olympic champions, and interviews with
athletes who have rare genetic mutations or physical traits,
Epstein forces us to rethink the very nature of
athleticism.