The Social Costs of Underemployment: Inadequate Employment as Disguised Unemployment

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
The Paradox......Page 13
Low Unemployment......Page 14
Income Inequality and Poverty......Page 15
Job Churning and Insecurity......Page 17
Changing Employment Relationships......Page 19
The Question......Page 21
Key Terms......Page 22
Prevalence of Underemployment......Page 23
The Plan of the Book......Page 26
History......Page 28
Focus of Health Research on Unemployment......Page 33
Findings......Page 35
Research Challenges and Design Responses......Page 37
The Costs of Underemployment......Page 42
Complex Effects......Page 45
Overview......Page 48
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979......Page 50
Measuring Underemployment......Page 59
Measuring Health and Well-Being......Page 65
Contextual Variables......Page 69
Logistic Regression......Page 72
Ordinary Least Squares Regression......Page 75
Background......Page 77
Why Study Selection?......Page 78
Prior Findings on Selection into Underemployment......Page 84
Samples......Page 87
Measures......Page 89
results......Page 91
Self-esteem......Page 92
Alcohol Abuse......Page 93
Depression......Page 94
Summary and Limitations......Page 95
Implications for Research and Theory......Page 96
Implications for Policy......Page 98
Employment and Development......Page 100
Prevalence of Youth Underemployment......Page 102
School-Leaver Employment and Well-Being......Page 104
Hypotheses......Page 107
Sample......Page 108
Measures......Page 111
Analytic Approach......Page 112
Underemployment and Self-Esteem......Page 113
Inadequate Employment and Job Satisfaction......Page 114
Conclusions......Page 117
Implications......Page 119
Alcohol Misuse, Stress, and Employment......Page 123
Past Studies of Employment Change and Alcohol Misuse......Page 126
Hypotheses......Page 129
Samples......Page 131
Measuring Alcohol Misuse......Page 134
Analytic Framework......Page 135
Adverse Employment Change......Page 136
Favorable Employment Change......Page 139
Summary of Findings......Page 141
Implications of Findings......Page 143
Background......Page 146
Employment Change......Page 149
Samples......Page 151
Measuring Depression......Page 155
Unfavorable Employment Change......Page 157
Favorable Employment Change......Page 163
Conclusions......Page 165
Intervention and Research Implications......Page 167
Welfare in the Employment Continuum......Page 170
Selection, Social Causation, and the Welfare Reform of 1996......Page 172
Framework of Hypotheses: Four Possible Links between Health and Welfare......Page 175
Samples......Page 176
Variables......Page 179
Analyses......Page 181
Cross-Sectional Association......Page 182
Longitudinal Relationships for Depression and Alcohol Misuse......Page 183
Alcohol Abuse and Welfare Transitions over Time......Page 187
Findings and Limitations......Page 190
Policy Implications......Page 191
Research Implications......Page 193
Intergenerational Effects......Page 195
Birthweight......Page 196
Data......Page 198
Bivariate Associations......Page 203
Multivariable Analyses......Page 204
Summary of Findings......Page 208
Moderators and Mediators......Page 209
Implications and Generalizability......Page 211
Social Causation......Page 213
Selection......Page 214
Moderators......Page 216
Mediators......Page 221
Methods......Page 223
Sample......Page 224
Expanding Measures......Page 226
Employment Continuum......Page 228
Interventions......Page 231
Measurement as an Intervention......Page 237
Appendix A......Page 245
Appendix B......Page 249
References......Page 253
Name Index......Page 273
Subject Index......Page 279