the Shock trauma manual of operative techniques

Preface
	Introduction
	The History of Care
	Operative Therapy with Personal Tips
	References
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Indication and Techniques for Trauma Exploration
	Chapter 1: Neck: Indication and Techniques for Trauma Exploration
		Introduction of the Problem
		History of Interventions for Neck Trauma
		Surgical Technique
			Preparation
			Anterior Sternocleidomastoid Neck Exploration
			Surgical Exposure of the Vertebral Artery
		Tips
		References
	Chapter 2: The Chest: Indication and Techniques for Trauma Exploration
		History of Interventions for Thoracic Trauma
		Introduction of the Problem
		Primary and Secondary Surveys
		Diagnostic Tests
			Chest X-Ray
			Ultrasound
			Computed Tomography (CT)
		Thoracic Intervention
			Preoperative Preparation
			Indications for Operation
			Pericardial Window
			Operative Exposure
			Anterolateral Thoracotomy
			Posterolateral Thoracotomy
			Clamshell Thoracotomy
			Sternotomy
		Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS)
		Outcomes
		Adjunct Operative Maneuvers
		Complications
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: Emergency Department Thoracotomy
		Introduction of the Problem
		History of Thoracotomy
		Indications
		Procedural Technique
			Pericardiotomy
			Aortic Cross-Clamping
			Cardiac Massage
			Controlling Noncardiac Hemorrhage
		Outcomes
		Complications
		The Future
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: Indications and Techniques for Trauma Laparotomy
		History of Care of Penetrating Abdominal Trauma
		Techniques
			Preoperative Evaluation
			Operative Techniques
			Exploring the Abdomen
			Exploring the Retroperitoneum
		Damage Control
		Temporary Abdominal Closure
			Towel Clip Closure
			Skin Suture Closure
			Silo Closure
			Vacuum Pack Closure
			Commercial Negative Pressure Therapy Systems
		Complications
		References
	Chapter 5: Indications and Techniques for Vascular Exploration
		Patient Assessment
		Decision-Making, Prioritization, and Adjuncts
		Operative Technique
		Conduit Options
			Saphenous Vein
			Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
			Biological
		Damage Control Options
			Shunts
			Ligation
		Specific Access and Repair Options
			Axillary Artery Exposure
			Brachial Artery
			Proximal Aorta and IVC
			Distal Aorta and Iliac Vessels
			External Iliac Artery
			Common Femoral Artery
			Proximal SFA and Profunda
			Distal SFA
			Popliteal Artery
		Postoperative Care
		References
Part II: Techniques for Diagnosis and Resuscitation
	Chapter 6: Intubation, Cricothyrotomy, Tube Thoracostomy, Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage, and Local Wound Exploration
		Intubation
			Introduction
			Technique
			Outcomes
			Complications
		Cricothyrotomy
			Introduction
			Technique
			Complications
			Critical Take-Home Points
		Tube Thoracostomy
			Introduction
			History
			Technique
				Patient Prep and Positioning
				Choice of Tube
				Incision and Finger Thoracostomy
				Tube Insertion
			Complications
		Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
			Introduction
			History
			Technique
			Outcomes
			Complications
		Local Wound Exploration
			Introduction
			History
			Technique
			Outcomes
		References
	Chapter 7: Ultrasound for Point-of-Care Imaging: Performing the Various Exams with Technical Tips
		Introduction
		History
		Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma
		General Tips for Learning Ultrasound
		Which Transducer to Select for the eFAST?
		Pathology in the eFAST
			Diagnosis of Hemorrhage
			Diagnosis of Pneumothorax
		eFAST Views
			Hepatorenal Space or Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
			Splenorenal Space or Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
			Pelvis (P)
			Pericardial Space or Subxiphoid (SX)
			Parasternal Long (PSL)
			Right and Left Anterior Thorax
		What Is the Appropriate Order of the eFAST Exam?
		Pearls and Pitfalls of the FAST
		IVC Ultrasound in the FAST
		Cardiac Ultrasound
			Background
			Cardiac Views
		Future Directions
		References
Part III: Techniques in the Neck and Chest
	Chapter 8: Trachea, Bronchus, and Esophagus Injuries: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
			Tracheobronchial
			Esophagus
		History of Care of Trachea, Bronchus, and Esophagus Injuries
			Tracheobronchial
			Esophagus
		Technique with Personal Tips
			Tracheobronchial
			Esophagus
		Outcomes
			Tracheobronchial Mortality
			Esophagus Mortality
			Tracheobronchial Complications
			Esophagus Complications
		References
	Chapter 9: Lung Injury: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		Incision
			Anterolateral Thoracotomy
			Bilateral Anterior Thoracotomies
			Posterolateral Thoracotomy
			Sternotomy
		Operative Technique with Personal Tips
			Pneumonorrhaphy
			Tractotomy
			Wedge Resection
			Anatomic Resection: Lobectomy and Pneumonectomy
		Damage Control
		Post-op Complications
		References
	Chapter 10: Cardiac Injury: Techniques
		Scope of the Problem
		History of Care of Cardiac Injury
		Techniques
			Diagnosis
				Initial Evaluation
				FAST
				CXR
				Subxiphoid Pericardial Window
			Incisions
				Median Sternotomy
				Anterolateral Thoracotomy
			Exposure and Immediate Control
			Definitive Repair
				Atrial Injuries
				Ventricular Injuries
				Posterior Injuries
				Injuries Adjacent to/and Coronary Artery Injury
				Intracardiac Injuries
				Blunt Cardiac Injury and Rupture
				Air Embolism
		Outcomes
		Complications
		Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Techniques in the Abdomen
	Chapter 11: Liver Injuries: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		History of Care of Liver Injuries
		Technique with Personal Tips
		Outcomes
		Complications with Treatment
		References
	Chapter 12: Spleen Injuries: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		History of Care of Spleen Injuries
		Techniques and Tips
			Techniques for Diagnosis
			Techniques for Nonoperative Management
			Techniques for Operative Treatment of Splenic Trauma
		Outcomes
		Complications
		References
	Chapter 13: Pancreas and Duodenum Injuries: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		Pancreas
			Surgical Anatomy
			Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
			Nonoperative Management
			Operative Exposure
			Operative Management: Factors in Repair
			Operative Management: OIS Grade I–II Injury
			Operative Management: OIS Grade III Injury
			Operative Management: OIS Grade IV Injury
			Operative Management: OIS Grade V Injury
			Summary of Operative Management (Table 13.2)
			Complications and Results
		Duodenum
			Anatomy
			Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
			Nonoperative Management
			Operative Exposure
			Operative Management: Factors in Repair
			Operative Management: OIS Grade II and III and Selected Grade IV Injuries (Table 13.4) [1]
			Operative Management: OIS Grade IV Injury Involving the Ampulla or Distal Common Bile Duct and Grade V Injury (Table 13.4) [1]
				Complications and Results
			Combined Pancreatoduodenal Injuries
				Operative Management
			Complication and Mortality
		References
	Chapter 14: Stomach, Small Bowel, and Colon Injuries: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		History of Care of Stomach, Small Bowel, and Colon Injuries
		General Management
		Organ-Specific Injury: Management and Personal Tips
			Stomach
			Small Bowel
				Complications After Small Bowel Injury
			Colorectal
			Complications of Colorectal Injury
		References
	Chapter 15: Trauma of the Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		Renal Trauma
		Ureter Trauma
		Bladder Trauma
		References
Part V: Techniques in Vascular Trauma
	Chapter 16: Cervical Vascular Injuries: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		History of Care of Cervical Vascular Injuries
		Technique with Personal Tips
			Operative Management: Carotid Injuries
			Operative Management: Vertebral Arteries
		Outcomes
		Complications with Treatment
		References
	Chapter 17: Thoracic Vascular Injuries: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		Penetrating Vascular Injury
			Initial Evaluation
			Surgical Approach
			Intraoperative Management
			Personal Tips for Specific Vascular Injuries
		Blunt Vessel Injury
		Complications
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 18: Abdominal Vascular Injuries: Techniques
		Introduction of the Problem
		History of Care of Abdominal Vascular Injuries
		Clinical Presentation
		Resuscitation and Diagnosis
		Preparation for Operation
			Skin Preparation and Draping
			Equipment Needed if an Abdominal Vascular Injury Is Present
		Hematoma or Hemorrhage in the Supramesocolic Midline Area (Zone I)
			Anatomy
			Exposure and Vascular Control
			Diaphragmatic/Supraceliac Aorta
			Celiac Axis
			Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)
			Proximal Renal Arteries
			Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV)
		Hematoma or Hemorrhage in the Inframesocolic Midline Area (Zone I)
			Anatomy
			Exposure and Vascular Control
			Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta
			Inferior Vena Cava
		Hematoma or Hemorrhage in the Perirenal Area (Zone II)
			Anatomy
			Exposure and Vascular Control
			Renal Artery
			Renal Vein
		Hematoma or Hemorrhage in the Pelvic Retroperitoneum (Zone III)
			Anatomy
			Exposure and Vascular Control
			Common and External Iliac Artery
			Common and External Iliac Vein
		Hematoma or Hemorrhage in the Porta Hepatis
			Anatomy
			Portal Vein
			Hepatic Artery
			Endovascular Approaches
		Complications
		Survival
		References
	Chapter 19: Endovascular Therapy in Trauma
		Introduction
		Endovascular Principles
			Catheterization and Intra-arterial Injection
			Balloon Occlusion
			Embolization
			Stenting
		Practical Endovascular Trauma Surgery
			Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA)
			Cerebrovascular Injury
				Intracranial
				Cervical Carotid Artery
				Vertebral Artery
			Upper Extremity
				Subclavian and Axillary Arteries
				Brachial Artery and Beyond
			Aorta
				Descending Thoracic Aorta
				Abdominal Aorta
			Lower Extremity
				Pelvis
				Infrainguinal
			Endovascular Therapy of Venous Trauma
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 20: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA)
		History
		Patient Selection
		Arterial Access
		REBOA Device and Sheath Upsizing
		REBOA Positioning, Insertion, and Inflation
		REBOA Deflation and Removal
		Outcomes
		Complications
		References
Part VI: Techniques for Bony and Soft Tissue Injury
	Chapter 21: Extremity Fasciotomies
		Introduction of the Problem
		Acute Compartment Syndrome
		ACS Pathophysiology
		ACS Diagnosis
		ACS Treatment
			General
			Fasciotomy
				Technique
					General Principles
			Buttock
			Lower Extremity
				Thigh
				Leg
				Foot
			Upper Extremity
				Arm
				Forearm
			Wound Management and Closure
		Complications
		Outcome
		Summary
		References
	Chapter 22: Treatment of Pelvic Fractures
		Introduction of the Problem
		History of Care of Pelvic Fractures
		Fracture Pattern and Classification
		Diagnosis and Management
		Management of Pelvic Fracture Hemorrhage
		Angiographic Embolization
		Preperitoneal Packing and REBOA
		Open Pelvic Fractures
		Complications and Outcomes
		References
Index