The Serotonin System: History, Neuropharmacology, and Pathology

Cover
The Serotonin System: History, Neuropharmacology, and
Pathology
Copyright
Dedication
List of Contributors
Editors’ Biography
Preface
One The metabolism of indoleamines
	Introduction
	Synthesis of serotonin
	The Kynurenine pathway
	The melatonin pathway
	Conclusion
	References
Two Neurodevelopmental roles and the serotonin hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder
	Introduction
	Development of serotonin neurons
	Neurodevelopmental role of serotonin
	Supply of serotonin to embryo
	Serotonin receptors contribute to neurodevelopment
	Disruption of serotonin homeostasis in early development
	The serotonin hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder
	Autism spectrum disorder and peripheral serotonin biochemistry: hyperserotonemia
	Autism spectrum disorder and serotonin homeostasis
	Autism spectrum disorder and neuroimaging using serotonin modulators
	Autism spectrum disorder and the serotonin transporter
	Autism spectrum disorder and serotonin receptors
	Autism spectrum disorder and genetics of serotonin
		Rodent studies
		Human studies
	Autism spectrum disorder and serotonin psychopharmacology
	Conclusion
	References
Three The role of serotonin receptors in the control of cardiovascular function
	Introduction
	General effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cardiovascular system
	Specific actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine at different central and peripheral levels to induce cardiovascular responses
		Sensory afferents
		Sympathetic ganglia
		Heart rate responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine
			Bradycardia
				von Bezold–Jarisch-like reflex
				Prejunctional inhibition of the cardiac sympathetic outflow
				Stimulation of cholinergic neurons
			Tachycardia
				Tyramine-like action
				5-HT2A receptor stimulation
				5-HT3 receptor stimulation
				5-HT4 receptor stimulation
				5-HT7 receptor stimulation
				Activation of CGRPergic sensory neurons
				Unidentified mechanisms
			Bradycardia and tachycardia by central mechanisms
		Blood pressure responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine
			Initial transient vasodepressor response
			Vasopressor response
			Late long-lasting vasodepressor response
				Direct vascular relaxation
				Prejunctional inhibition of vascular sympathetic neurons
				Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation
			5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced vasodepressor and vasopressor responses by actions in the central nervous system
	Receptor-independent actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine
	Current and prospective use of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists and antagonists in cardiovascular pathologies
	Implications for future research
	Acknowledgments
	References
Four Serotonin receptors nomenclature
	Introduction
	5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor nomenclature
	5-HT1 receptors
		5-HT1A receptors
		5-HT1B receptors
		5-HT1D receptors
		5-ht1E receptors
		5-HT1F receptors
	5-HT2 receptors
		5-HT2A receptors
		5-HT2B receptors
		5-HT2C receptors
	5-HT3 receptors, ligand-gated receptors
		5-HT3A
		5-HT3B
		5-HT3C
		5-HT3D
		5-HT3E
	5-hydroxytryptamine receptors positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase, 5-HT4, 5, 6, 7 receptors
		5-HT4 receptors
	5-ht5 receptors
		5-ht5A receptors
		5-ht5B receptors
	5-HT6 receptors
	5-HT7 receptors
	Orphan receptors
	Summary
	Acknowledgment
	References
Five A perspective: from the serotonin hypothesis to cognitive neuropsychological approaches
	Serotonin and depression
	Neurochemical models
	Neuroplasticity models
	Cognitive neuropsychological models
	Conclusion
	References
Six Endocrine and genetic moderation of serotonin systems and the psychopathology of affective disorders
	References
Seven Serotonin and sexual behavior
	Serotonin and female sexual behavior
	Conclusion: 5-hydroxytryptamine and sexual behavior in females
	Serotonin and male sexual behavior
	Conclusion
	References
	Further reading
Eight Serotonin and cognitive flexibility
	Cognitive flexibility and its relevance
	5-Hydroxytryptamine depletion studies and cognitive flexibility
	Pharmacological studies of 5-hydroxytryptamine and cognitive flexibility
	Challenges to validity and translation
	Conclusion
	References
Nine Serotonin and aggression
	Violence in the blood
	Tryptophan hydroxylase 2
	Serotonin transporter
	Serotonin receptors
	Conclusion
	References
Ten Serotonin and sleep
	Sleep disorders
	References
Eleven Serotonin and the psychedelics
	References
Twelve Serotonin and nociception: from nociceptive transduction at the periphery to pain modulation from the brain
	Introduction
	Serotonin in central pain processing: spinal processing and descending modulation of pain from the brain
	Serotonin in central pain processing: spinal processing and descending modulation of pain from the brain
	Serotonin in trigeminal cerebrovascular nociception and migraine
	Trends in serotonin drug development for pain: the paradigmatic example of 5-HT1F agonists in migraine attacks
	Serotonin disturbances during chronic pain
	Conclusion
	References
Thirteen Serotonin and feeding regulation
	Type 1 serotonin receptors
		The serotonin 1a receptor
		The serotonin 1b receptor
		Other receptors in the 5HT1 family
	Type 2 serotonin receptors
		The serotonin 2a receptor
		The serotonin 2b receptor
		The serotonin 2c receptor
	Type 3 serotonin receptors
	Type 4 serotonin receptors
	Type 5 serotonin receptors
	Type 6 serotonin receptors
	Type 7 serotonin receptors
	Interactions with other hormones and neuropeptides
		Ghrelin
		Corticotrophin-releasing hormone
		Adrenaline and noradrenaline
		Oxytocin
		Cholecystokinin
		Glucagon-like peptide 1
		Insulin
		Leptin
	Serotonin effects on locomotor activity and metabolism
	Serotonin disturbances in eating disorders
	Involvement of serotonin in antipsychotic-induced weight gain
	Serotonergic approaches to weight loss
	References
Fourteen The outlook for the development of serotonergic drugs as therapeutic medications for psychiatric disorders
	References
Index
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