The semantics of classificatory verbs in Enga (and other Papua New Guinea languages)

The semantics of classificatory verbs in Enga (and other Papua New Guinea languages)......Page 1
Contents......Page 3
Acknowledgments......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Presentation and Abbreviations......Page 10
Index of Bound Morphemes......Page 12
0.0 INTRODUCTION......Page 13
0.1 Theoretical Orientation and Problems......Page 16
0.2.1 The Semantic Features......Page 17
0.2.2 Semantic Redundancy Rules......Page 19
0.2.3 Exceptions......Page 22
0.2.3.1 Loan Items......Page 23
0.2.3.2 Intersection......Page 24
0.2.4 Dominance Relations Between Nouns and Verbs......Page 25
0.3 Data Compilation......Page 27
Notes......Page 29
1.1 The Enga......Page 35
1.2.1 The Noun......Page 36
1.2.2.1 Incorporated Pronoun Objects......Page 45
1.2.2.2 Sentence-medial and Sentence-final Forms......Page 46
1.2.2.3 Tenses and Moods......Page 48
Notes......Page 50
2.1 Syntactic Properties......Page 53
2.2.1 Meaning of the EV......Page 56
2.2.2 Features......Page 59
2.2.3 Redundancy Rules......Page 60
Table 2.2: Loan Items in the EV......Page 64
2.2.5 Intersection......Page 65
2.2.6 Change of Class......Page 68
2.3 Conclusion......Page 70
Notes......Page 74
3.0 THE ANIMATE NOUNS......Page 79
Table 3.1: The Animate Nouns......Page 80
Diagram 3.2: The Enga Animates......Page 81
3.2 Redundancy Rules......Page 84
3.3 Loan Items......Page 86
3.4 Change of Class......Page 87
3.5 Comparison of Features......Page 88
Notes......Page 91
4.1.1 Form......Page 97
4.1.2 Objects......Page 100
Table 4.1: Compound Verbs and Predications......Page 103
4.1.4 The O-Complementizer......Page 104
Table 4.2: Verbs in the Predications......Page 106
4.2.1 Rules......Page 109
4.2.2 Loan Items......Page 113
4.2.3.1 The Adjuncts in Intersection......Page 115
4.2.3.2 The Verbs in Intersection......Page 117
4.3 Conclusion......Page 118
Notes......Page 120
5.0 COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE......Page 127
5.1 The EV......Page 128
5.1.2 Discussion of the Comparative EV......Page 133
5.2.1 The Phenomenon......Page 135
5.2.3 Examples......Page 137
5.3 Conclusion......Page 142
Notes......Page 144
6.0 CONCLUSION......Page 147
Appendix A: Semantic Classes of Verbs......Page 149
Appendix B: Data Compilation......Page 155
Appendix C: The Existential Verbs......Page 161
Appendix D: The Predications of Enga......Page 168
Appendix E: Predications for Comparison......Page 192
Bibliography......Page 232
Map 1: The Enga Area......Page 33
Map 2: Comparative Perspective......Page 126
Chart 1.1: Noun Classes......Page 38
Chart 3.3: Covert Features......Page 82
Chart 5.1: The Comparative EV......Page 134
Chart 5.2: Comparative Predications Part I......Page 138
Comparative Predications Part II......Page 139
Diagram 2.1: The Existential Verbs......Page 61
Diagram 4.3: Predications......Page 110
Table 1.1 Verb Paradigm......Page 49
Table 2.4: Intersection Data......Page 66
Table 4.3: Loan Items in the Predications......Page 114
Table 4.4: Intersection in the Predications......Page 116