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ویرایش:
نویسندگان: Frédérique Rolandone
سری: Geoscience: Dynamics of the Continental Lithosphere
ISBN (شابک) : 1789450381, 9781789450385
ناشر: Wiley-ISTE
سال نشر: 2022
تعداد صفحات: 360
[361]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 60 Mb
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب The Seismic Cycle: From Observation to Modeling به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب چرخه لرزه ای: از مشاهده تا مدل سازی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
مطالعه چرخه لرزه ای کاربردهای زیادی دارد، از مطالعه گسلش گرفته تا تخمین خطرات لرزه ای. باید در مقیاس های زمانی مختلف، از زلزله، فاز همزمان لرزه ای (چند ثانیه)، فاز پس لرزه ای (از ماه ها تا ده ها سال) و فاز بین لرزه ای (از ده ها تا صدها سال) در نظر گرفته شود. ، تا تغییر شکل تجمعی ناشی از چندین چرخه لرزه ای (از چند هزار تا صدها هزار سال).
چرخه لرزه از بسیاری استفاده می کند. ابزارهای مختلف برای نزدیک شدن به موضوع آن، از ژئودزیک کوتاهمدت، مانند GPS و InSAR، و مشاهدات لرزهشناسی گرفته تا مشاهدات تکتونیکی، ژئومورفولوژیکی، مورفوتکتونیکی طولانیمدت، از جمله موارد مرتبط با دیرینهزلهشناسی. ابزارهای مدلسازی مختلف مانند تجربیات آنالوگ، رویکردهای تجربی و مدلسازی مکانیکی نیز مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند.
زمینههای زمین ساختی مختلف هنگام درگیر شدن با چرخه لرزهای، از گسلهای امتداد لغز قارهای گرفته تا مناطق فرورانش مانند مناطق شیلی، مکزیکی و اکوادور. برهمکنش بین چرخه لرزه ای و ماگماتیسم در شکاف ها و برهمکنش با فرسایش در زنجیره کوه ها نیز مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.
The study of the seismic cycle has many applications, from the study of faulting to the estimation of seismic hazards. It must be considered at different timescales, from that of an earthquake, the co-seismic phase (a few seconds), the post seismic phase (from months to dozens of years) and the inter-seismic phase (from dozens to hundreds of years), up to cumulative deformations due to several seismic cycles (from a few thousand to hundreds of thousands of years).
The Seismic Cycle uses many different tools to approach its subject matter, from short-term geodesic, such as GPS and InSAR, and seismological observations to long-term tectonic, geomorphological, morphotectonic observations, including those related to paleoseismology. Various modeling tools such as analog experiences, experimental approaches and mechanical modeling are also examined.
Different tectonic contexts are considered when engaging with the seismic cycle, from continental strike-slip faults to subduction zones such as the Chilean, Mexican and Ecuadorian zones. The interactions between the seismic cycle and magmatism in rifts and interactions with erosion in mountain chains are also discussed.
Cover Half-Title Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Introduction: A Kinematic Approach to the Seismic Cycle Chapter 1. Determining the Main Characteristics of Earthquakes from Seismological Data 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Observation of the elastic waves generated by earthquakes 1.2.1. Observations on a global scale 1.2.2. Data recorded at the regional and local scales 1.3. Modeling elastic waves generated by an earthquake 1.3.1. Simplified representations of the seismic source 1.3.2. Modeling body waves in the far field and at large distances: application to seismic ruptures with horizontal propagation 1.3.3. Empirical Green’s function 1.3.4. Complete modeling of the elastic wave field 1.4. Approaches used to determine the global characteristics of the seismic source 1.4.1. Methods based on the analysis of long-period waves at far distances 1.4.2. Methods based on the broadband analysis of teleseismic body waves 1.4.3. Methods based on full wavefield modeling at local or regional distances 1.5. Conclusion 1.6. References Chapter 2. Co-Seismic Phase: Imaging the Seismic Rupture 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Surface observations 2.2.1. Seismological data 2.2.2. GNSS data: from geodesy to seismo-geodesy 2.2.3. Satellite and aerial imaging 2.3. The forward problem 2.3.1. The static case: modeling geodetic data 2.3.2. The kinematic case: modeling seismological data and highfrequency GNSS data 2.3.3. Computing the Green’s functions 2.4. The inverse problem 2.4.1. Tikhonov regularization approach 2.4.2. Bayesian approach 2.4.3. Modeling data in the frequency domain or as wavelets 2.5. Characterization of the source and implications on the physics of earthquakes 2.6. Conclusion 2.7. References Chapter 3. The Post-seismic Phase: Geodetic Observations and Mechanisms 3.1. The initial observations of the post-seismic deformation 3.2. Using spatial geodesy for imaging post-seismic deformation 3.2.1. Post-seismic phenomena of the Sanriku-Haruka-Oki earthquake 3.2.2. Post-seismic phenomena of the Landers earthquake 3.2.3. Post-seismic phenomena of the Hector Mine earthquake 3.2.4. Post-seismic phenomena of the Parkfield earthquake 3.3. Post-seismic deformation processes and the mechanical behavior of the lithosphere 3.3.1. Poroelastic deformation and fluid circulation 3.3.2. Afterslip and frictional properties of faults 3.3.3. Viscoelastic relaxation and upper mantle viscosity 3.4. Conclusions: the importance of post-seismic deformation in the seismic cycle balance 3.5. References Chapter 4. Friction Laws and Numerical Modeling of the Seismic Cycle 4.1. Friction laws 4.1.1. Historical notions about friction 4.1.2. From static friction to dynamic friction 4.1.3. Slip weakening friction law 4.1.4. Rate weakening friction law 4.1.5. Rate-and-state type friction law 4.2. Modeling fault behavior: the “spring-block slider” model 4.2.1. Modeling the slip on a fault: creep or earthquake 4.2.2. Modeling the seismic cycle 4.3. A more complex physical reality 4.3.1. Spatial and temporal variability in the slip mode on faults 4.3.2. Additional mechanisms that can come into play during earthquakes 4.3.3. Going beyond the elastic Earth model 4.4. Transition toward a new generation of models 4.5. References Chapter 5. The Seismic Cycle of the Chilean Subduction: Mega-earthquakes, Seismic Gap and Coupling 5.1. The seismo-tectonic context 5.2. The seismic gap theory applied to Chile 5.3. Coupling/seismicity correspondence 5.4. Evaluation of the current seismic hazard in Chile 5.4.1. From the hazards to the risk 5.4.2. “Standard” subduction earthquakes along the Chilean segments from North to South 5.4.3. “Deep” subduction earthquakes 5.4.4. Intra-plate earthquake 5.5. Giant earthquakes and the super-cycle 5.6. References Chapter 6. The Mexican Subduction Seismic Cycle: Highlighting the Key Role Played by Transient Deformations 6.1. The geo-dynamic context of the region 6.1.1. Convergence of plates and geometry of the subduction 6.1.2. Seismicity 6.2. Observation of the seismic cycle: the evolution of networks and the history of discoveries 6.3. Characterization of major slow earthquakes and the relationship with coupling 6.3.1. Characteristics and location of SSEs 6.3.2. Connection to plate coupling 6.4. Seismic activity 6.4.1. The different signal types identified 6.4.2. Global characteristics of tremors in the subduction zone 6.4.4. Characterization of small SSEs: joint seismo-geodetic analyses 6.5. Interactions between seismic and aseismic slips in Mexico 6.5.1. Slow slip events preceding major earthquakes 6.5.2. SSE and post-seismic slip 6.5.3. Sensitivity of aseismic slips to seismic waves 6.6. Conclusion 6.7. References Chapter 7. Forearc Topography: Mirror of Megathrust Rupture Properties 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Mechanical analysis: the critical taper theory 7.3. Application to subduction forearcs 7.3.1. Relations between seismic behavior and frictional properties 7.3.2. Relations between seismic behavior and critical state 7.3.3. Impact on the trench-coast distance 7.4. Splay faults: transition faults 7.5. Deformation of accretionary prisms: evidence for rupture propagating up to the trench 7.6. Conclusion 7.7. References Chapter 8. The Diking Cycle at Divergent Plate Boundaries 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Boundaries of diverging plates 8.3. Magmato-tectonic interactions in rift zones 8.4. The diking cycle 8.4.1. The co-diking phase 8.4.2. The post-diking phase 8.4.3. The inter-diking phase 8.5. Conclusion 8.6. References Chapter 9. Interactions Between Tectonic Deformation and Erosion During the Seismic Cycle in Mountain Ranges 9.1. Introduction 9.2. The paradigm of steady-state landscapes 9.3. Earthquakes and co-seismic landslides 9.4. Landslide size distributions 9.5. Post-seismic relaxation of landscapes 9.6. Discussions: topographic budget of earthquakes and the seismic cycle 9.7. Prospects: impact of erosion on fault and earthquake dynamics 9.8. References Chapter 10. Cumulative Deformation, Long-term Slip-rate and Seismic Cycle of Intra-continental Strike-slip Faults 10.1. Introduction 10.2. From geomorphological offsets to fault slip-rate 10.2.1. Tectonic offset of rivers 10.2.2. Average slip-rate determination from alluvial terrace edges (risers) 10.3. Variation in space and time of the long-term fault slip-rate 10.4. Characteristic slip, earthquake size and seismic cycle 10.4.1. Earthquake and cumulative offset: the Kunlun fault and Koko 10.4.2. Characteristic repetition of ruptures and earthquakes 10.5. Conclusion 10.6. References Chapter 11. Paleoseismology 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Paleoseismology for faults in a continental context 11.2.1. Paleoseismological trenches 11.2.2. Fault escarpments in the context of limestone 11.2.3. Paleoseismology and satellite imagery 11.3. Paleoseismology for faults in a marine context 11.3.1. Subduction and vertical movements 11.3.2. Turbidite record of earthquakes 11.4. Indirect effects of earthquakes and paleo-seismicity 11.5. References Chapter 12. Analog Modeling of the Seismic Cycle and Earthquake Dynamics 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Principle and methodology 12.3. Experimental results 12.3.1. Modeling the different phases of the seismic cycle 12.3.2. Slip kinematics and the role of the boundary conditions 12.4. References Conclusion: How Ideas Evolve from a Continual Confrontation Between Observations and Models List of Authors Index EULA