The Science of Composting

Front Matter....Pages i-xxi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Historical Review of Composting and its Role in Municipal Waste Management....Pages 3-14
The Thermie Programme and Composting Projects in the Energy from Biomass and Waste Sector....Pages 15-22
The Role of Composting in Sustainable Agriculture....Pages 23-29
I.S.W.A. Policy in the Regard of Composting as an Integrated System of Waste Management....Pages 30-40
Waste Management and Legislation....Pages 41-46
Front Matter....Pages 47-47
Composting Control: Principles and Practice....Pages 49-59
Composting Plant Design and Process Management....Pages 60-70
Odour Emissions from Composting Plants....Pages 71-80
Environmental Impact of Composting Plants....Pages 81-86
Production of functional compost which can suppress phytopathogenic fungi of lawn grass by inoculating Bacillus subtilis into grass clippings....Pages 87-95
Nutrient transformation of pig manure under pig-on-litter system....Pages 96-105
Heat Evolution During Composting of Sewage Sludge....Pages 106-115
Process Control based on Dynamic Properties in Composting: Moisture and Compaction considerations....Pages 116-125
Compost Facility Operating Guide....Pages 126-136
Glucose Influence on the Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation During Lignocellulsic Waste Composting....Pages 137-148
Taxonomic and Metabolic Microbial Diversity During Composting....Pages 149-161
A new composting plant realized within the THERMIE program of the European Commission....Pages 162-172
Front Matter....Pages 173-173
Evaluation of Compost Stability....Pages 175-184
Quality of Composts: Organic Matter Stabilization and Trace Metal Contamination....Pages 185-194
Chemical and Physico-Chemical Parameters for Quality Evaluation of Humic Substances Produced during Composting....Pages 195-212
Front Matter....Pages 173-173
Heavy Metals in Compost and their Effect on Soil Quality....Pages 213-223
Occurrence of Microorganisms Pathogenic for Man and Animals in Source Separated Biowaste and Compost — Importance, Control, Limits, Epidemiology....Pages 224-232
Phytohygienic aspects of composting....Pages 233-246
Canadian National Compost Standards....Pages 247-254
Ninhydrin Reactive Nitrogen of CHCl 3 Fumigated and Non Fumigated Compost Extracts as a Parameter to Evaluate Compost stability....Pages 255-261
Impact of Composting Type on Composts Organic Matter Characteristics....Pages 262-273
Respirometric Techniques in the Context of Compost Stability Assessment:Principles and Practice....Pages 274-285
Different Location of Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases Extracted From a Compost of Urban Refuse....Pages 286-293
Biological Parameters to Estimate the Effect of Biogenic Waste Composts on Plant Growth in Pot Trials....Pages 294-305
Parameters to Estimate the Nitrogen Effect of Biogenic Waste Composts....Pages 306-313
Biowaste Compost and Heavy Metals: a Danger for Soil and Environment?....Pages 314-328
Polichlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans — Level of Contamination and Dynamic in Bio- and Yard Waste Composting....Pages 329-345
The Influence of Composts and Mineral Fertilizers on the Heavy Metal Concentration and Transfer in Soil and Plants....Pages 346-354
Front Matter....Pages 355-355
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulations for Compost Production and Use....Pages 357-369
Front Matter....Pages 371-371
Suppression of Plant Diseases by Composts....Pages 373-381
Formation and properties of humic substance originating from composts....Pages 382-393
Waste Research at the IRNAS, CSIC....Pages 394-401
Compost as a Source of Organic Matter in Mediterranean Soils....Pages 402-412
Utilizing Composts in Land Management to Recycle Organics....Pages 413-422
Effect of Compost-Fertilizer Blends on Crop Growth....Pages 423-430
Front Matter....Pages 371-371
The Influence of Compost and Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Crops....Pages 431-438
Compost from Selected Organic Wastes as a Substitute for Straw-bedded Horse Manure in Agaricus Bisporus Production....Pages 439-446
Use of Composted Societal Organic Wastes for Sustainable Crop Production....Pages 447-456
Effects on the Content of Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Heavy metals in Soil and Plants After Application of Compost and Sewage Sludge....Pages 457-468
An Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status Following the Application of (i) Co-composted MSW and Sewage Sludge and (ii) Greenwaste to Maize....Pages 469-476
Development of Compost Products....Pages 477-494
Political Implications for Integrating Composting into Solid Waste Management in West Virginia, USA....Pages 495-506
Yard Waste Composting Strategies: Considering Technical Conditions and Organizing Systems....Pages 507-516
Experiences of Compost Use in Agriculture and in Land Reclamation Projects....Pages 517-527
Front Matter....Pages 529-529
The Importance of Lignocellulosic Compounds in Composting....Pages 531-541
Composting of Agricultural Wastes....Pages 542-550
Seven Decades of Sludge Compost Marketing....Pages 551-556
Utilizing Scraps From Blue Crab and Calico Scallop Processing Plants....Pages 557-566
Dairy Cattle Slurry and Rice Hull Co-composting....Pages 567-576
Field Scale Study of the Effect of Pile Size, Turning Regime and Leaf to Grass Mix Ratio on the Composting of Yard Trimmings....Pages 577-584
Optimisation of Anaerobically Digested Primary Sludge as a Composting Substrate....Pages 585-592
The Production of Compost From Agricultural and Municipal Solid Waste....Pages 593-602
Manufacture of Artificial Soil by Composting Coal Fly Ash and Bottom Ash with Poultry Litter....Pages 603-611
Composting of a Mixture of VFG Waste and used Paper Diapers....Pages 612-626
Processes Regulating Grass Straw Composting....Pages 627-636
Front Matter....Pages 529-529
Olive-mill Wastewater Bioremediation: Evolution of a Composting Process and Agronomic Value of the End Product....Pages 637-647
Agricultural Composting in the United States: Trends and Driving Forces....Pages 648-659
Front Matter....Pages 661-661
Effectiveness of the Rutgers System in Composting Several Different Wastes for Agricultural Uses....Pages 663-672
Composting in Finland: Experiences and Perspectives....Pages 673-683
Perspectives and State of the Art of Composting in France....Pages 684-690
Composting of Agricultural Waste in Denmark — in Respect of Potential, Industrial Process Technology and Environmental Considerations....Pages 691-697
Composting in Italy: Current State and Future Outlook....Pages 698-713
State of the Art and Perspectives for Composting in the United States of America....Pages 714-721
The Present Situation and a New Trend on Composting in Japan....Pages 722-728
Composting: Experiences and Perspectives in Brazil....Pages 729-735
Structural Changes to a MSW Composting Plant in Accordance with Modern Waste Management Concepts in Italy....Pages 736-742
The Power of Composting; The Power of Partnership....Pages 743-747
Composting Plant in the City of Forli’ The Public Administration Experience....Pages 748-757
Digestion by WAASA Process of Optically Separated Waste....Pages 758-763
Front Matter....Pages 765-765
The Co-Treatment of Municipal and Industrial Wastes....Pages 767-783
The Importance of Waste Characteristics and Processing in the Production of Quality Compost....Pages 784-791
The Role of Biological Treatment in Integrated Solid Waste Management....Pages 792-802
Results of Laboratory and Field Studies on Wastepaper Inclusion in Biowaste in View of Composting....Pages 803-812
Fuel Recovery: Valorization of RDF and PDF....Pages 813-821
A Database for I.W.M. Covering Recycling and Composting....Pages 822-830
Front Matter....Pages 765-765
Alternative Utilization of MSW Compost in Landfills....Pages 831-845
Front Matter....Pages 847-847
Stabilization of Hazardous Wastes Through Biotreatment....Pages 849-862
Starch Based Biodegradable Materials in the Separate Collection and Composting of Organic Waste....Pages 863-869
Degradation of Naphthalene by Microorganisms Isolated from Compost....Pages 870-883
Composting and Selected Microorganisms for Bioremediation of Contaminated Materials....Pages 884-891
Bioremediation of PAH -Contaminated Soil....Pages 892-902
Minimum Effective Compost Addition for Remediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil....Pages 903-912
Enhancement of the Biological Degradation of Contaminated Soils by Compost Addition....Pages 913-923
Heavy Metals Removal by Clinoptilolite in Pepper Cultivation using Compost....Pages 924-935
Front Matter....Pages 937-937
Composting Technology in the United States: Research and Practice....Pages 939-947
Reconversion of Traditional Composting Plants for a Policy of Quality....Pages 948-957
Basic Processing Technologies and Composting Plant Design in Italy....Pages 958-972
Design of Passively Aerated Compost Piles: Vertical Air Velocities between the Pipes....Pages 973-982
A Review of Features, Benefits and Costs of Tunnel Composting Systems in Europe and in the USA....Pages 983-986
Front Matter....Pages 987-987
Compost Marketing Trends in the United States....Pages 989-998
The Natural Markets for Compost....Pages 999-1010
Monitoring Strategies and Safeguarding of Quality Standards for Compost....Pages 1011-1019
Minimizing the Cost of Compost Production Through Facility Design and Process Control....Pages 1020-1034
Front Matter....Pages 1035-1035
Composting Process....Pages 1037-1038
Starting Materials....Pages 1039-1039
Front Matter....Pages 1035-1035
The State of the Art of Composting and Perspectives....Pages 1040-1042
Composting as an Integrated System of Waste Management....Pages 1043-1047
Bioremediation....Pages 1048-1049
Composting Design....Pages 1050-1052
Marketing and Economic....Pages 1053-1054
Front Matter....Pages 1055-1055
Thermophilic Pilot Scale Composting of Olive Cake....Pages 1057-1062
Changes in the Amino Acid Composition of Grass Cuttings During Turned Pile Composting....Pages 1063-1066
Composition and Chemical Characteristics of the Main Compostable Organic Wastes....Pages 1067-1070
Impacts of Separation on Compost Quality....Pages 1071-1073
Nitrogen in Composting: Relevance of the Material and the System Used....Pages 1074-1077
Estimation of N-release and N-mineralization of Garden Waste Composts by the Mean of Easily Analysed Parameters....Pages 1078-1082
Performance Prediction of Composting Processes Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps....Pages 1083-1086
Biodiversity of Thermophilic Bacteria Isolated from Hot Compost piles....Pages 1087-1090
Effect of Humic Matters Extracted From Compost and From Leonardite on P Nutrition of Rye-grass....Pages 1091-1093
The Suppressive Effects of Composted Seperately Collected Organic Waste and Yard Waste Compost on Two Important Soilborne Plant Pathogens....Pages 1094-1095
Legislative and Scientific Aspects of the Production and use of Vermicompost from Biological Sludges....Pages 1096-1099
Composting of Fresh Olive-Mill Wastewater Added to Plant Residues....Pages 1100-1104
Municipal Solid Waste Composting: Chemical and Biological Analysis of the Process....Pages 1105-1108
Chemical Parameters to Evaluate the Stabilization Level of the Organic Matter During Composting....Pages 1109-1112
Response of Three Compost-based Substrates to Different Irrigation and Fertilization Regimes in Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd .)....Pages 1113-1117
Front Matter....Pages 1055-1055
Method for the Evaluation of Biodegradability of Packaging in Composting Conditions Proposed by CEN (European Eommittee for Standardization): a Technical Approach....Pages 1118-1121
Effects of the Spreading into the Soil of Olive Mill Wastes on the Physico-chemical Properties of the Humic acids. I. Interaction of natural and Synthetic Humic Acids with Caffeic Acid....Pages 1122-1125
The use of Dairy Manure Compost for Maize Production and its Effects on Soil Nutrients, Maize Maturity and Maize Nutrition....Pages 1126-1129
Sewage Sludge Composting: Study of Nitrogen Mineralization Using Electroultrafiltration....Pages 1130-1133
Co-Composting Process of (Sugarbeet) Vinasse and Grape Marc....Pages 1134-1137
Chemical Characterization of Three Compost of (Sugarbeet) Vinasse with other Agroindustrial Residues....Pages 1138-1141
Monitoring of Organic Matter During Composting....Pages 1142-1145
Effects of Bulking Agents in Composting of Pig Slurries....Pages 1146-1149
Sewage Sludge Composting with Thermpopostage ™ Process (The Platform of Arenthon Haute Savoie, France) ....Pages 1150-1151
Biodegradation of ‘Thiram’ in Composting Process....Pages 1152-1156
First Experiments of Compost Suppressiveness to Some Phytopathogens....Pages 1157-1160
Reduction in Phytotoxicity of Olive Mill Waste by Incubation with Compost and its Influence on the Soil-plant System....Pages 1161-1165
An Assessment of the Agronomic Value of Co-composted MSW and Sewage Sludge....Pages 1166-1169
New Bulking Agents for Composting Sewage Sludge (pteridium sp. and ulex sp.), a Laboratory Scale Evaluation....Pages 1170-1173
Emissions of Greenhouse and Enviromental Relevant Gases by the Decomposition of Organic Waste from Households....Pages 1174-1176
The Compost Information Kit — Business Tools for Success....Pages 1177-1180
The Development of Low-Input, On-Farm Composting of High C:N Ratio Residues....Pages 1181-1187
Decentralized Compost-Management: Case-Study of a District of 77.000 Inhabitants — the ‘Kulmbach Model’....Pages 1188-1192
Microbial Succession in a Technical Composting Process....Pages 1193-1198
Assessment of Compost Maturity....Pages 1199-1204
Front Matter....Pages 1055-1055
Accelerated Composting in Tunnels....Pages 1205-1206
Composting of Organic Garden and Kitchen Waste in Open-air Windrows: Influence of Turning Frequency on the Development of Aspergillus Fumigatus....Pages 1207-1210
Sugarbeet Fertilization with Three (Sugarbeet) Vinasse Composts....Pages 1211-1214
Waste Collection Utility Development....Pages 1215-1217
Suitability of Composted Household Waste of Helsinki Metropolitan Area for Agriculture....Pages 1218-1220
Effects of Compost on Soil Biological Fertility and Maize ( zea mays ) Production....Pages 1221-1223
The Effect of Municipal Waste Compost on the Development and Viability of Ascarid Eggs....Pages 1224-1229
Fate of Lawn Care Pesticides During the Composting of Yard Trimmings....Pages 1230-1232
Characterization and Composting of Source-Separated Food Store Organics....Pages 1233-1235
Heavy Metals Determination in MSW Merceological Classes and Derived Compost....Pages 1236-1241
 Giardia Die Off in Anaerobically Digested Wastewater Sludge During Composting....Pages 1242-1246
Effect of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse Compost on Sweet Sorghum Productivity in Pots....Pages 1247-1250
The Compodan Composting Process Features Rapid Process Set-off, Uniform Process Conditions and a Built-in Biofilter....Pages 1251-1253
Demonstration of the Influence of Mg Vermiculite on the Activity of Cellulosic Agents and Diazotrophs During Composting of Lignocellulosic Residues....Pages 1254-1257
A Comparison Between Chemical and Biological Index for Measuring Compost Quality....Pages 1258-1260
Sewage Sludge — Soil Conditioner and Nutrient Source: I. Phosphorus availability and its uptake by ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L .) grown in a pot experiment....Pages 1261-1265
Composting of Fresh and Pond-Stored Olive-Mill Wastewater by the Rutgers Sytem....Pages 1266-1270
Behaviour of Biodegradable Mater-BI ZI01U Plastic Layers in a Composting Pilot plant....Pages 1271-1274
The Emilia-Romagna Experiment in Animal Manure Composting....Pages 1275-1280
Composting Wastewater Sludges Without the Addition of Bulking Agents....Pages 1281-1284
Front Matter....Pages 1055-1055
The Potential Use of Composted Waste Materials for Cuttings....Pages 1285-1288
Inalca Experiment in Composting of Slaughter House Organic Wastes....Pages 1289-1293
The Influence of GFT-Compost Extracts 1 on the Motility of Juveniles of Heterodera Schachtii in Vitro....Pages 1294-1300
The Suppression of Penicillium Digitatum by Extracts of GFT-Compost....Pages 1301-1308
Cation Exchange Capacity of Manure-Straw Compost — Does Sample Preparation Modify the Results?....Pages 1309-1311
Vermicomposting Solid Paper Pulp Mill Sludge: a Three Stages Biodegradative Process....Pages 1312-1315
Evaluation of Turned and Static Pile Systems on Toxicity of Water Extracts of Biowastes....Pages 1316-1319
Maximizing Both Compost Quality and Yield....Pages 1320-1321
Fresh and Composted Pea-nut Shells Microflora....Pages 1322-1330
Heat Transfer in Composting Systems....Pages 1331-1334
A Microcosm System to Determine the Gas Production of Arable Soils Amended with Different Composts....Pages 1335-1338
Improvement of the Composting Process....Pages 1339-1342
Use of MATER-BI ZF03U Biodegradable Bags in Source-separated Collection and Composting of Organic Waste....Pages 1343-1345
Oil-Mill Wastewater Sludge Composting....Pages 1346-1350
Sugarcane Filtercake Compost Influence on Tomato Emergence, Seedling Growth, and Yields....Pages 1351-1356
Composting of Bioreactor Waste From Softwood Processing....Pages 1357-1360
Effect of Moisture Content on the Composting of Pig-Manure Sawdust Litter Disposed From the Pig-on-Litter (POL) System....Pages 1361-1364
The Effect of Composted Vegetable, Fruit and Garden Waste on the Incidence of Soilborne Plant Diseases....Pages 1365-1369
The Experiment of the A.M.I.U. of Modena (Italy) in Composting Sewage Sludges and Source Separated Organic Wastes....Pages 1370-1373
Possibilities for Biological Control of Pythium Root Rot in Ornamental Bulb Culture with Composted Organic Household Waste....Pages 1374-1375
Front Matter....Pages 1055-1055
Mineralization of Three Agro-industrial Wastes by an Acid — Producing Strain of Aspergillus Niger ....Pages 1376-1379
Organic Waste Treatment — Composting: A Comparative Study on Language usage and Terminology Italian — German — English....Pages 1380-1384
Effects of Application of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Horticultural Species Yield....Pages 1385-1388
Properties of Phosphomonoesterases and β-glucosidase in Compost Extracts....Pages 1389-1394
The Effect of Red Mud on Metal Mobility in Anaerobically Digested Primary Sludge During Composting....Pages 1395-1398
Physical, Chemical and Biological Quality of Four Lombricomposts....Pages 1399-1401
Integration of ‘Biopol’ into Biowaste Composting....Pages 1402-1405
Back Matter....Pages 1407-1453