The Science and Application of Positive Psychology

The Science and Application of Positive Psychology by Cheavens (1st edition)
Cover Page
Front Matter
	Half title
	Title page
	Imprints page
	Brief Contents
	Contents
	Preface
		Key Features
		Organization and Coverage
		Acknowledgments
Part I Introduction to the Field
	Chapter 1 What Is Positive Psychology and Why Do We Need It?
		A New Science with a Long History
		Understanding the Scope of Positive Psychology
		Why We Need Positive Psychology
		The Science of Well-Being(s)
		Culture and Positive Psychology
			Self-Transcendence or Self-Enhancement
			Harmony or Mastery
			Contentment or Satisfaction
			Valuing or Avoiding Suffering
		Next Steps in Positive Psychology
		Practice Positive Psychology
			Apply PERMA to Your Own Life
			Explore Your Positive Legacy
			Integrate Positive Psychology into Your Life
		Further Resources
	Chapter 2 Myths and Misunderstandings about the Science of Positive Psychology
		Why Does a Scientific Approach to Positive Psychology Matter?
		How to Distinguish Positive Psychology from Nonscientific Pop Psychology
			Are the Conclusions Based on the Scientific Method?
			Does the Research Make It Clear That Causation Isn’t the Same as Correlation?
			Does the Research Specify Mechanisms and Are Those Mechanisms Backed by Evidence?
			Do the Researchers Generalize Appropriately?
			Did the Researchers Use Valid and Reliable Measures?
			Does More than One Study Show the Result?
		Myths and Misunderstandings about Positive Psychology
			Only Stupid People Are Happy
			You Can’t Do Anything about Your Happiness
			Positive Psychology Is Only about Being Happy
			Positive Psychology Is Only for the Privileged
		Culture and the Science of Positive Psychology
		Next Steps in the Science of Positive Psychology
		Practice Applying Scientific Reasoning
			Examine How You Came to Believe a Myth
			Check Your Beliefs
			Consider Your Piece of the Pie
		Further Resources
Part II Positive Feelings and States
	Chapter 3 Positive Emotional Experiences
		Why Do Positive Emotions Matter?
		Defining Positive Affective Experiences
		The Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions
		What Are the Benefits of Positive Emotions and Other Affective Experiences?
			Positive Affective Experiences and Mortality
			Positive Affective Experiences and Physical Health
				Acute Illness.
				Inflammation.
				Cardiovascular Disease.
			Positive Affective Experiences and Social Relationships
			Positive Affective Experiences and Cognitive Functioning
			Positive Affective Experiences and Money
				Does Having More Money Make You Happier?
				Does How You Spend Your Money Matter?
		Culture and Positive Affective Experiences
		Next Steps in Positive Affective Experiences
		Practice Engaging in Positive Affective Experiences
			Keep a Positive Affective Experiences Diary
			Build a Pleasurable Sensations Toolbox and Induce Positive Emotions
			Spend Your Money Happily
			Evaluate Your Positivity Ratio
		Further Resources
	Chapter 4 Transcendence
		Why Does Transcendence Matter?
		Meaning and Purpose in Life
			Basic Definitions: Meaning, Purpose, and Significance
			Theories of Meaning in Life
				Frankl and Logotherapy.
				Terror Management Theory.
				Sense of Coherence.
				The Four Needs for Meaning.
			Meaning across the Life-Span
			Meaning and Well-Being
			The Paradoxical Search for Meaning
		Religious and Spiritual Transcendence
			Basic Definitions: Religion versus Spirituality
			R/S and Well-Being
				Healthier Behavior.
				Coping.
				Social Support.
				Psychological States.
		Research Issues in the Psychology of Religion
			Religion Is Neither All Good nor All Bad
			It’s Not All about Denomination
			Explaining Religion Is Not the Same as Explaining Religion Away
		Culture and Transcendence
		Next Steps in Transcendence
		Practice Transcendence
			The Logoanchor Technique
			Create a Movie of Your Life
		Further Resources
	Chapter 5 Present-Moment Focus
		Why Does Present-Moment Focus Matter?
		Mindfulness
		What Are the Benefits of Mindfulness?
			Trait Mindfulness Research
				Trait Mindfulness and Psychological Health.
				Trait Mindfulness and Interpersonal Relationships.
			Mindfulness Practices and Intervention Research
				Mindfulness Interventions and Physical Functioning.
				Mindfulness Interventions and Psychological Functioning.
		Your Brain on Mindfulness
		Savoring
		Flow
		Culture and Present-Moment Focus
		Next Steps in Present-Moment Focus
		Practice Present-Moment Focus
			Meditate on the Present Moment
			Savor the Past, Present, and Future
			Find Flow
		Further Resources
Part III Achievement and Personal Goals
	Chapter 6 Talent and Giftedness
		Why Do Talent and Giftedness Matter?
		Defining Talent and Giftedness
		Identifying and Developing Talent and Giftedness
			Biological Factors
			Behavioral Factors
		Longitudinal Studies Associated with Early Talent and Giftedness
		Culture and Talent and Giftedness
		Next Steps in Talent and Giftedness
		Practice Talent and Achievement
			Practice Deliberately
			Appreciate the Achievements of Others
			Find Mentors
		Further Resources
	Chapter 7 Looking to the Future
		Why Do Goals, Optimism, and Hope Matter?
		Goals
			Goals and Emotions
			Some Goals Are Better than Others
				The Personal Importance of Goals.
				The Difficulty of Goals.
				Approach versus Avoidance Goals.
				Specific versus Abstract Goals.
				Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Goals.
		Anticipating the Future: Expectancies
			Optimism
				Dispositional Optimism.
				Learned Optimism: A Different View.
			Hope
			Comparison of Expectancy Constructs
			Hope, Optimism, and Well-Being
		Unrealistic Expectations
		Culture, Optimism, and Hope
		Next Steps in Goals and Expectancies
		Practice Optimism and Hope
			Change Your Explanatory Style
			Map Out Your Pathway
			Hopeful Daydreaming
		Further Resources
Part IV Personal Strengths and Psychological Assets
	Chapter 8 Virtues, Values, and Character Strengths
		Why Does Character Matter?
		Historical Perspectives on Character
		The Challenges of Researching Character
			Talents
			Strengths and Virtues
			Values
		The Advantages of Good Character
		Culture and Character
		Next Steps in Virtues, Values, and Character Strengths
		Practice Identifying Strengths
			Strength Spotting
			Positive Introduction
			Use a Strength
		Further Resources
	Chapter 9 Successful Aging
		Why Does Aging Matter?
		What Is Successful Aging?
			Foundational Studies in Successful Aging
				Introducing the Concept of Successful Aging: The MacArthur Study.
				Capitalizing on Longitudinal Data Collection: The Harvard Study of Adult Development.
				Drawing from Diverse Populations: The Alameda County Study.
			Predictors of Successful Aging
			Processes of Successful Aging
				Balancing Age-Related Losses and Gains: The SOC Model.
				Setting Developmentally Appropriate Goals: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory.
				The Proactivity Model of Successful Aging: Planning for Future Stressors.
		Age and Well-Being
		Wisdom
		Culture and Successful Aging
			Blue Zones
			The Hispanic Paradox
		Next Steps in Successful Aging
		Practice Expanding Your Perspective on Aging
			Interview an Older Adult
			Proactively Cope Using the Lessons from the Blue Zones
			Get Inspired by Some Older Folks
		Further Resources
Part V Successful and Satisfying Relationships
	Chapter 10 Love and Relationships
		Why Do Love and Relationships Matter?
		I Wanna Know What Love Is
			Passionate and Companionate Love
			Love Styles
			The Love Triangle
			Love 2.0
		Relationships and Well-Being
			Having People in One’s Life: The Impact of One’s Social Network
			Friendships
			Online Relationships
			Marital Status
		Theoretical Models of What Makes for Good Relationships
			Attachment Theory
			Social Exchange Theories
			Balance Theory of Relationships
		Culture, Love, and Marriage
		Next Steps in Relationships
		Practice Positive Relationships
			Rebalance Your Relationships
			Use Social Networks in a Healthy Way
			Make a Connection
		Further Resources
	Chapter 11 Perspective-Taking
		Why Does Perspective-Taking Matter?
		Gratitude
			Circumstances That Facilitate or Suppress Gratitude
			Gratitude Interventions
			Why Is It So Hard to Express Gratitude?
		Forgiveness
			What Forgiveness Is and Is Not
			Forgiveness Interventions
		Culture and Perspective-Taking
		Next Steps in Studying Perspective-Taking
		Practice Gratitude and Forgiveness
			Write and Deliver a Gratitude Letter
			Create a Gratitude Jar
			Remember a Time When You Were Forgiven
		Further Resources
	Chapter 12 Prosocial Behavior
		Why Does Prosocial Behavior Matter?
		Altruism and Kindness
			Prosocial Behaviors and Well-Being
			The Who, When, and Why of Prosocial Behaviors
				Who.
				When.
				Why.
			Kindness Interventions
		Compassionate Goals
		Moral Elevation
		Culture and Prosocial Behavior
		Next Steps in Prosocial Behavior
		Practice Prosocial Behavior
			Put Kindness into the World
			Volunteer in Your Community in a Way That Fits Your Strengths
			Catch People Being Their Best Selves
		Further Resources
	Chapter 13 Happiness and Success at Work
		Why Does Happiness at Work Matter?
		Happiness and Employment Success
		Work, Job, Calling
		Prosocial Behaviors in the Workplace
			Prosocial Motives
			Prosocial Behaviors
			Prosocial Impact
		What Can Employers Do to Create a Positive Work Environment?
			Demonstrate Trust in Employees
			Provide Opportunities That Match Strengths
		What Can Employees Do to Create a Positive Work Experience?
			Craft Your Job
			Make Social Connections
		Culture and Perspectives on Positive Psychology at Work
		Next Steps in Positive Psychology at Work
		Practice Positive Work
			Craft Your Job
			Make a Friend at Work
			Bring Your Values to Work
		Further Resources
	Chapter 14 Positive Mental Health Interventions and Initiatives
		Why Does a Positive Approach to Mental Health Matter?
		What Is Mental Health?
		Strengths-Based Assessment
		Positive Psychology Interventions
			Defining Positive Psychology Interventions
			The LIFE Model
		Interventions to Increase Positive Affect and Experiences
		Hope Therapy: An Example Intervention
			Goal Techniques
			Pathways Techniques
			Agency Techniques
		Interventions to Decrease Negative Affect and Experiences
			Well-Being Therapy
			Positive Psychotherapy
		Why Do PPIs Work?
		Culture and Positive Psychology Interventions
		Next Steps in Positive Mental Health
		Practice Positive Intervention Techniques
			Discover Your Best Possible Self
			Engage in Hopeful Daydreaming
		Further Resources
Back Matter
	Glossary
	References
	Index
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