The Russian Army and the Jewish Population, 1914–1917: Libel, Persecution, Reaction

Acknowledgments
Note on Basic Sources
Calendar, Transliteration of Names, and Geographical Terms
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
1 Introduction
2 The Russian Army and the Jews at the Start of the Twentieth Century
	The Army’s Role in Political and Social Life
	The Russian Army and the Jews Before World War I
	Draft Plans to Abolish Army Conscription of Jews
	The Course of Operations and Structural Changes in the Army
3 Army Authority and Activity in the Sphere of Civilian Administration
	Structure and Powers of the Military Administration
	The Military Leadership and the Council of Ministers
	Functioning of the Military Administration
	Forced Evacuation (1915)
4 The Russian Army Command and the Negative Stereotype of the Jew
	The Russian Command’s Perception of Jews in the Army and of the Jewish Population
	Charges Against the Jews
	Antisemitism of Russian Commanders
	The Military and Right-Wing Press About the Jews
	Reasons for Formation of a Negative Image of the Jews
5 Deportations of the Jewish Population and Hostage Taking (1914–1915)
	Total Expulsions: Rules and Reality (August 1914–February 1915)
	Deportations as an Officially Approved Measure in the “Struggle” Against the Jews
	Expulsions from Kovno and Kurland Gubernias (April–May 1915)
	Expulsions from Occupied Galicia
	After Massive Deportations (Summer–Fall 1915)
	Hostage Taking: From Single Cases to Policy
6 The Military Authorities and the Jews
	Army Counterintelligence
	Military Courts and the Jews
	Administrative Expulsions
	Military Censorship
	A Ban on Movement
	Jewish Suppliers and Contractors, Jews in Public Organizations
	Summing Up the Jewish Policy of Military Authorities
7 Soldiers, Officers, and the Jewish Population of the Frontal Zone
	Soldiers, Officers, and Jews
	Pillaging. The Behavior of Cossack Units
	Pogroms in the Battle Zone
	Executions in the Frontal Zone
	Servicemen and Women
	Jews and the Non-Jewish Population in the Frontal Zone
8 “The Jewish Question” and the Political Situation in Russia
	Hopes of the First Months of the War
	Russian-Jewish Appeals to the Authorities
	Political Parties and the Jewish Question (1915)
	“The Jewish Question” in the Russian Government (1915)
	“The Jewish Question” in the Duma (1916)
9 Conclusion
Appendix
Military and Civil Rule in Russia (July 1914–August 1915)
Bibliography
Index