The Routledge handbook of stylistics

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table
of Contents
List of tables and figures
List of contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction:
Stylistics: From classical rhetoric to cognitive neuroscience
	Stylistics
	The scope of this volume
		Part I Historical perspectives in stylistics
		Part II Core issues in stylistics
		Part III Contemporary topics in stylistics
		Part IV Emerging and future trends in stylistics
	Concluding remarks
	References
Part I:
Historical perspectives in stylistics
	1.
Rhetoric and poetics: The classical heritage of stylistics
		Introduction
		Historical overview
		Classical poetics
		Classical rhetoric: History, theory, method
			A short history of classical rhetoric
			The theory and method of rhetoric
			The five canons of rhetoric
			The three genres of rhetoric
		Recommendations for practice
			Poetics
			Rhetoric
		Summary and future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
			Online resources
		References
	2.
Formalist stylistics
		Introduction
		Historical background
		Roman Jakobson and the poetic function of language
		Viktor Shklovsky and defamiliarisation
		Vladimir Propp and the morphology of the folktale
		The Prague structualist school and foregrounding
		Formalism: Recent approaches and criticisms
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	3.
Functionalist stylistics
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
		Textual metafunction
			The British:
			The Zulus:
		Ideational metafunction
		Interpersonal metafunction
		Conclusion
		Recommendations for practice and future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
		Appendix
			Chapters XIII: The Attack (Battle)
	4.
Reader response criticism and stylistics
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
			Norman Holland: The Dynamics of Literary Response, 1968
			Jonathan Culler: Structuralist Poetics, 1975
			Judith Fetterley: The Resisting Reader, 1978
			Wolfgang Iser: The Act of Reading, 1978
			Stanley Fish: Is There a Text in this Class? 1980
			Points of disagreement
			Who are the readers?
			What is the reading process?
		Current contributions and research
			Cognitive approaches
			Gender/ethnic/queer studies approaches
			Reception studies/new historical approaches
			Narrative/rhetorical approaches
			Empirical approaches/studies of real readers
			Pedagogy
		Recommendations for practice
			Individual differences and prior experiences
			Misunderstandings, resistance, or double meanings
			Linguistic and structural meanings
			Cognitive and affective considerations
			Studies of real readers
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Suggestions for further reading
		References
Part II:
Core issues in stylistics
	5.
The linguistic levels of foregrounding in stylistics
		Introduction: The theory of foregrounding
		Deviation
		Parallelism
		Foregrounding in Flowers for Algernon
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	6.
(New) historical stylistics
		Introduction: Why analyse historical discourse from a stylistic perspective?
		Critical issues and topics: Mobile new historical stylistics and place-making
		A new historical stylistic analysis
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	7.
Stylistics, speech acts and im/politeness theory
		Introduction
		Having characters do things with words: Speech acts, face-work and im/politeness
			Austin’s felicity conditions for speech acts
			Types of speech act
			Indirectness and implicitness
			Face, politeness and impoliteness
		Language as a stylistic characterisation device
			Prior-knowledge – Top-down processing
			Textbase and surface structure – Bottom up processing:
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	8.
Stylistics, conversation analysis and the cooperative principle
		Introduction
		Conversation analysis
		Conversational structure in a dialogue
		Textual cues in characterisation
		The cooperative principle
		Conversational maxims and characterisation
		Conversational implicature, state of mind and Dramatic Irony
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
		Appendix
	9.
Stylistics and relevance theory
		Introduction
		Overview: From Grice to relevance theory
		Critical issues and topics
		Analysing texts
			Accounting for individual texts
			Salient inferences
			Metarepresentation
			Implications and implicatures
			Figurative language
			Strong and weak communication
			Poetic effects
			Lexical pragmatics
			Local and global inferences
		Beyond analyses
			Literariness
			Authorial intention
			Literary criticism and the evaluation of texts
			Writing and pedagogy
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	10.
Stylistics, point of view and modality
		Introduction
		Point of view
			Types of point of view
			Psychological point of view
			The interpersonal approach to psychological point of view
		Modality
		A modal grammar of point of view in narrative
			Category A narratives
			Category B narratives
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	11.
Stylistics and narratology
		Introduction
		A history of stylisticians’ drawing on narratology
		Difference and similarity: A general picture
		Difference and complementarity: Three specifi c areas
			Point of view/focalization
			Characterisation
			Tense
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	12.
Metaphor and stylistics
		Introduction
		Conventional and novel views of metaphor
			Metaphor in a historical perspective
			Turning from the linguistic to the cognitive view of metaphor
			Current multidisciplinary metaphor research
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions in the cognitive tradition
		Conclusion
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	13.
Speech and thought presentation in stylistics
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
		Free indirect thought
			Current research: Speech and thought presentation in the contemporary experimental novel
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
Part III:
Contemporary topics in stylistics
	14.
Pedagogical stylistics
		Introduction
			The pedagogical value of stylistics
			An expanding field of enquiry
		Historical perspectives
		Stylistics in teaching today: EFL, ESL and L1
			Henry Widdowson (EFL)
			Carter, Short (EFL and L1)
			Later developments
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	15.
Stylistics, drama and performance
		Introduction
		Historical approaches to drama
		The play text and the performance
		The architecture of dramatic discourse
		Current stylistic approaches to drama and performance
		A socio-pragmatic and multimodal stylistic analysis of drama
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	16.
Schema theory in stylistics
		Introduction
		Background: Psychology and artificial intelligence
		Core uses of schema theory in stylistics and related areas
			Schemata in relation to narratives, text structures, genres and intertextuality
			Incongruity: Humour studies
			Other minds
			Other worlds
			Socio-cultural schemata and reader variability
			Sensory and motor schemata, and the role of emotions
			Literariness: Schema refreshment
			Beyond schemata: Text world theory and personal experience
		Practical examples of the use of schema theory in stylistics
			Filling gaps: Schema knowledge and standard inferences
			Jumping to conclusions – Characters’ assumption-making
			Creating an alien mind style: Under-specification to reflect a character’s lack of understanding
			Making murderers invisible and creating narrative interest: Low and high prominence
			Re-telling traditional tales in the twenty-first century: Incongruity, humour, intertextual knowledge and cultural specifi city
			Dystopian perspectives on gender and culture: Cross-cultural schemata, political allegory, and schema refreshment
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	17.
Stylistics and text world theory
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
		Text world theory basics
		Developments and current research
		Recommendations for practice
			General
			Suggestions for practice analysis
		Future directions
		Further reading
		Related topics
		References
	18.
Stylistics and blending
		Introduction: The concept of a blend
		Blending analysis of a poem
			Generic space
			Inputs
			The final blend
			Backward projection
			Style and the structure of the blend
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	19.
Cognitive poetics
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
		Critical issues and topics
		Current contributions and research
			Literary creativity in the evolution of the human mind
			Literature and neuroscience
			Cognition and poetics: Integration or exchange?
			Empirical/experimental studies
			Cognitive linguistic approaches
			Affective studies
			Aesthetic theory
		Main research methods and recommendations for practice
			Intuiting aesthetic emotion
			Looking closely at the language of the text
			Identifying prosodic features
			Recognising cognitive import
			Evaluating a poem’s success
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	20.
Quantitative methodological approaches to stylistics
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
		Critical issues and topics
			Textual level
			Prosody and phonology
			Lexical patterns
			Syntax
			Discourse
			Culture and context
			Response and reading practices
			Education
			Some considerations
		Current research and methods
			Explorative and/or descriptive research
			Univariate descriptive statistics
			Explanatory research
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	21.
Feminist stylistics
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
			Language and gender studies
			Linguistic feminism
		Critical issues and topics
			Other frameworks of analysis
		Current contribution and research
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	22.
Literary pragmatics and stylistics
		Introduction
			The emergence and evolution of pragmatic stylistics
		Critical issues
			Speech act theory
			Conversational implicature
			Relevance theory
			Facework and politeness
			Pragmatic stylistics: Doing things with poetic effects
		Recommendtions for practice
		Future directions
			Cognitive pragmatics
			Pedagogical applications
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	23.
Corpus stylistics
		Introduction
		Corpus linguistics
		Corpus methods and stylistics
		Corpus linguistic concepts and stylistics
		Practical considerations
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		Resources and tools
		References
	24.
Stylistics and translation
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
		Understanding translation through stylistics
		Understanding style through translation
		Theory and practice
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	25.
Critical stylistics
		Introduction
		Critical discourse analysis
			Textual construction of meaning
			Ideational metafunction
			Critical
		Historical perspectives
			Systemic functional linguistics (SFL)
			Critical discourse analysis
			Critical stylistics
		Critical issues and topics
			The place of textual meaning in a linguistic theory
			How textual meaning interfaces with producer/recipient meaning
			The nature and number of textual-conceptual functions
			The textual-conceptual functions
			Naming and describing
			Representing actions/events/states
			Equating and contrasting
			Exemplifying and enumerating
			Prioritising
			Implying and assuming
			Negating
			Hypothesising
			Presenting others’ speech and thoughts
			Representing time, space and society
		Current contributions and research
		Main research methods and recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
Part IV:
Emerging and future trends in stylistics
	26.
Creative writing and stylistics
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
			Classical poetics
			Russian formalism
			Narratology
		Critical issues and topics
		Recommedations for practice
			Figurative language
			Point of view
			Representing speech and thought
			Metaphor
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	27.
Stylistics and real readers
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
		Critical issues and topics
		Current contributions and research
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	28.
Stylistics and film
		Introduction
		Procedural challenges for a stylistics of film
		What would a stylistics of film aim to do?
		Main challenges on the way to a stylistics of film
		Working with postulated language-film equivalences
		Recommendations for practice
		Final remarks and some future considerations
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	29.
Multimodality and stylistics
		Introduction
		Multimodal stylistics and the novel
			Hallidayan stylistics – A (meta)functional approach to language
			The three metafunctions in visual communication
			Layout – The organisation of elements on the page
			Typography – What language looks like
			The materiality of the book – Exemplified by the semiotics of paper
		Critical issues and topics
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	30.
Stylistics and comics
		Introduction
		Historical perspectives
		Key aspects of style in comics
			Pages, panel arrangements and the gutter
			Body types, postures, and facial expressions
			Framing and angles in panels
			Speech and thought balloons
			Onomatopoeia and written words in the story world
			Pictograms and pictorial runes
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	31.
Stylistics and hypertext fiction
		Introduction
		Theorising hypertext fiction
			Reader empowerment
			Complexity, non-linearity and multi-linearity
			Multimodality
			Coherence
			Summary of hypertext theories
		A cognitive stylistic approach to afternoon, a story
		Text world theory and afternoon
		Social semiotics analysis of These Waves of Girls
		Recommendations for practice
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
	32.
Stylistics, emotion and neuroscience
		Introduction, definitions
and usage
			Emotion
			Neuroscience
			Style
		Research on style, emotion and the brain
		Critical issues: Emotions and literature
		Extending current research: The case of beauty
		From theory to practice: A case of aesthetic response
		Future directions
		Related topics
		Further reading
		References
Index