The routledge handbook Of phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Notes on Contributors
Introduction
Part I Phenomenology and the history of philosophy
	Chapter 1 The history of the phenomenological movement
		1.1. The lives and deaths of phenomenology
		1.2. The birth of phenomenology and its foundation as a philosophical method
		1.3. The shifts
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 2 Phenomenology and Greek philosophy
		Introduction
		Part I: Heidegger
		Part II: Husserl
		Part III: Klein
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 3 Phenomenology and medieval philosophy
		3.1. Phenomenology and Neo-Scholasticism
		3.2. Franz Brentano
		3.3. Max Scheler
		3.4. Edith Stein
		3.5. Martin Heidegger
		3.6. The rapprochement between Neo-Scholasticism and Phenomenology
		3.7. The “tournant théologique” of French Phenomenology and Jean-Luc Marion
		References
	Chapter 4 Phenomenology and the Cartesian tradition
		I – Evidence and truth: the absolute foundation of knowledge
		II – Descartes’s failure to grasp the transcendental point of view and the misunderstandings of modern “rationalism”
		III – The monadological ego and the overcoming of the Solipsismus-Streit
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 5 Phenomenology and British empiricism
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 6 Phenomenology and German idealism
		6.1 Preliminary orientation in the structure of the historical contexts of German idealism and phenomenology
		6.2 Systematic reflections
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 7 Phenomenology and Austrian philosophy
		Austrian philosophy
		Phenomenology
		The phenomenological movement and Austrian philosophy
		Notes
		References
Part II Issues and concepts in phenomenology
	Chapter 8 Aesthetics and art
		The dawn of phenomenological aesthetics in the work of Edmund Husserl
		References
	Chapter 9 Body
		Introduction
		9.1. Husserl
		9.2. Merleau-Ponty
		9.3. Enactivism
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 10 Consciousness
		10.1. Some essential features of consciousness
		10.2. Consciousness and intentionality
		10.3. Consciousness and knowledge
		10.4. Consciousness and being
		10.5. The mystery of consciousness
		10.6. Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 11 Crisis
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 12 Dasein
		12.1. Being-here and fundamental ontology
		12.2. Being-here and thinking being historically determined
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 13 Ego
		13.1. Empirical ego
		13.2. Pure ego
		13.3. Transcendental ego
		13.4. Monad
		Note
		References
	Chapter 14 Eidetic method
		14.1. The structure of eidetic knowledge: some basic notions
		14.2. A Socratic procedure
		14.3. Hic sunt phantasmata: phantasy (variation) and the method of eidetic knowledge
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 15 Ethics
		15.1 Axiology and ethics
		15.2. An ethics of freedom
		15.3. An ethics of obligation
		15.4. Other developments
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 16 Existence
		Existence’s modes of being
		Historical background
		Objective existence, real existence, intentional in-existence
		The several senses of existence
		Existence, existentiell, existential and existentiality
		Existence and existentialism
		Concluding remarks
		References
	Chapter 17 Genesis
		17.1. The first characterizations of phenomenology: descriptive psychology and transcendental philosophy
		17.2. The move toward a genetic phenomenology: the concept and the program
		17.3. Pondering the novelties: the reference to Brentano
		17.4. Still pondering the novelties: the monad has “windows”
		17.5. By way of a conclusion: Husserl’s contribution and some glimpses beyond
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 18 Horizon
		The philosophical background: the history of the concept
		The psychological background: William James’ Principles of Psychology
		Husserl’s static phenomenology of the horizons
		Husserl’s genetic phenomenology of the horizons: the horizons of subjectivity
		Husserl’s genetic phenomenology of the horizons: the world-horizon
		Post-Husserlian phenomenology of the horizons
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 19 Imagination and phantasy
		19.1. Imagination, image consciousness, and representation
		19.2. Imagination, being, and freedom
		Conclusion: imagination, phenomenology, and phenomenological philosophy
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 20 Instinct
		Two concepts of instinct: instinct as instinctive behavior and as innate drive
		The phenomenological concept of instinct
		Phenomenological psychology of instincts
		Transcendental phenomenology of instincts
		Phenomenology of instincts in post-Husserlian phenomenology and future tasks
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 21 Intentionality
		Introduction: phenomenological origin of the problem of intentionality
		Three aspects of the original problem of intentionality overlooked in contemporary discourse
		Husserl’s psychological account of intentionality
		Husserl’s transcendental phenomenological account of the intentionality of pure consciousness
		Husserl’s genetic-historical account of intentionality
		Heidegger’s ontological critique of the phenomenological originality of Husserl’s account of intentionality
		References
	Chapter 22 Intersubjectivity and sociality
		22.1. Experiencing the other (intersubjectivity)
		22.2. Being with others (sociality)
		22.3. Beyond the distinction of intersubjectivity and sociality: the group
		Acknowledgments
		References
	Chapter 23 Life-world
		23.1. The project of a phenomenological science of the life-world
		23.2. The life-world as a perceived, intuited world
		23.3. The life-world as the world of everyday life
		23.4. The life-world between subjectivity and intersubjectivity
		23.5. Ontological and transcendental approaches to the life-world
		23.6. Beyond Husserl
		References
	Chapter 24 Mathematics
		24.1 Husserl: formal mathematics and material mathematics (1927)
		24.2. Hilbert and the axiomatic method (1922)
		24.3. Dietrich Mahnke and the phenomenological elucidation of the axiomatic method (1923)
		24.4. Oskar Becker and the criticism of Hilbert’s axiomatic formalism (1927)
		24.5. Felix Kaufmann: phenomenology and logical empiricism (1930)
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 25 Monad
		25.0. Introduction
		25.1. The (phenomenological) birth of a monad
		25.2. The adolescence of a “phenomenological” monad
		25.3. The adulthood of the monad
		25.4. Conclusions: the monadological contract
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 26 Moods and emotions
		Affective disclosure of meaning and value
		The phenomenological primacy of affectivity
		Moods as a pre-intentional background of emotions
		Embodiment as ontological basis of affectivity
		Emotional conducts
		Acknowledgments
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 27 Nothingness
		Heidegger’s rehabilitation of nothing
		Humanization of nothingness in Sartre21
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 28 Ontology, metaphysics, first philosophy
		28.1. The primacy of philosophy
		28.2. What kind of primacy?
		References
	Chapter 29 Perception
		29.1. Perception and intentionality
		29.2. The foundational roles of perception
		29.3. The Myth of the Given?
		29.4. Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 30 Phenomenon
		30.1. Phenomenology of true phenomena: Brentano
		30.2. Phenomenology without phenomena? Husserl (I)
		30.3. Phenomenology of correlative phenomena: Husserl (II)
		30.4. Phenomenology of transcendental phenomena: Husserl (III)
		30.5. Phenomenology, phenomena and the “realism” of essences: Reinach
		30.6. Genetic phenomenology of phenomena “in an absolutely unique sense”: Husserl (IV)
		30.7. Phenomenology of the world as transcendental phenomenon: Fink
		30.8. Hermeneutic phenomenology and the exceptional phenomenon of being: Heidegger
		30.9. Varieties of exceptional phenomena: French phenomenology
		30.10 Two phenomenologies, two phenomena: Sartre and Merleau-Ponty
		References
	Chapter 31 Reduction
		References
	Chapter 32 Synthesis
		32.1. Historical precursors
		32.2. Husserl
		32.3. Synthesis in Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 33 Transcendental
		Introduction
		Medieval origins
		From Kant to Neo-Kantianism
		Edmund Husserl
		Heidegger and post-Husserlian phenomenology
		References
	Chapter 34 Theory of knowledge
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 35 Time
		Introduction
		Husserl
		Heidegger
	Chapter 36 Truth and evidence
		36.1. Essential distinctions
		36.2. Before Husserl: rationalism, empiricism, psychologism
		36.3. Phenomenological description of evidence and truth
		36.4. Development of Husserl’s phenomenology of evidence and truth
		36.5. Evidence and truth in the later Husserl
		36.6. Phenomenology of evidence and truth after Husserl
		36.7. “Limit problems” of phenomenology of evidence and truth
		References
	Chapter 37 Variation
		37.1. Eidetic variation and τόδε τι
		37.2. Co-variation and transcendental co-relation(s)
		37.3. Self-variation and the monad
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 38 World
		38.1 Husserl
		38.2. The cosmological turn
		38.3 Back to the world as the “thing itself” of Husserlian phenomenology
		38.4 Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part III Major figures in phenomenology
	Chapter 39 Hannah Arendt
		39.1. Arendt—a phenomenologist?
		39.2. How phenomenology operates in Arendt’s work
		39.3. Arendt’s phenomenological concepts, methods, and concerns: a short overview
		39.4. Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 40 Simone de Beauvoir
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 41 Franz Brentano
		41.1. Intentionality
		41.2. Classification of mental phenomena
		41.3. Inner perception
		41.4. Truth and value
		41.5. General ontology
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 42 Eugen Fink
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 43 Aron Gurwitsch1
		43.1. Phenomenology and the perceptual noema
		43.2. Gestalt theory and mereology
		43.3. Wider discussions: consciousness, ontology, science
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 44 Martin Heidegger
		44.1. From one hiddenness to the other: intentionality and being-in-the-world
		44.2. The scientific promise
		44.3. Phenomenological reduction
		44.4. The three basic components of the phenomenological method
		44.5. The ontological ambition of existential phenomenology
		44.6. Affectivity and authenticity
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 45 Michel Henry
		45.1. Radical phenomenology
		45.2. Phenomenology of life
		45.3. Material phenomenology
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 46 Edmund Husserl
		Introduction
		Epochê and bracketing of natural attitude
		Transcendental phenomenological reduction
		Methodically reflective appearance of consciousness as an object
		Transcendental reflection
		The reductive context of transcendental reflection
		Intentionality as the essential being of consciousness
		Essential seeing of the intentional structure of the infinite being of consciousness
		Regional ontology of the natural, human, and formal sciences
		Phenomenology of transcendental consciousness as transcendental idealism
		The three phases of transcendental phenomenology
		References
	Chapter 47 Roman Ingarden
		47.1. Short biographical note
		47.2. Ontology and existential ontology
		47.3. The pure intentional object
		47.4. Being and relative being
		47.5. The mode of being and essence of the literary work of art
		47.6. The different strata and the aesthetic value of the literary work of art
		47.7. Ingarden’s legacy and the artifactual theory of literary fictions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 48 Jacob Klein
		Klein’s Research’s Contribution to the Need to Rewrite the History of Greek Mathematics
		Context of Klein’s Research’s Relevance to Phenomenology: Formalization as the Whence of Husserl’s and Heidegger’s Return to the Things Themselves
		Klein’s Research’s Critical Impact on Husserl’s and Heidegger’s Accounts of the Origin of Formalization
		Klein’s Research and the Phenomenological Possibility of the Methodological Naivete of the Symbols of Symbolic Mathematics
		Klein’s Account of the Origin of Formalization and the Constitution of Formalized Objects
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 49 Ludwig Landgrebe
		References
	Chapter 50 Emmanuel Levinas
		Summary
		Levinas and the deformalization of phenomenology
		50.1. The deduction of entities in the early Levinas
		50.2. Events behind the subject–object relationship: the path to “Totality and Infinity”
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 51 Merleau-Ponty
		The transcendental reduction
		The aesthetic reduction
		The eidetic reduction
		The historical reduction
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 52 Enzo Paci
		52.1. The Platonic background and the interpretation of the “Parmenides”.
		52.2. Encountering Existentialism: the problem of nothingness
		52.3. Encountering phenomenology: rime and relation
		52.4. Phenomenology and relationalism
		52.5. Building bridges between phenomenology, science, and literature: relations and significations
		52.6. Husserl meets Marx: a new interpretation of the life-world
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 53 Jan Patočka
		53.1. The crisis of the Lebenswelt: the Husserlian roots of asubjective phenomenology
		53.2. Embodied existence
		53.3. Human existence in motion
		53.4. The natural world
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 54 Adolf Reinach
		54.1. A short biographical note
		54.2. What Reinach’s realistic phenomenology is
		54.3. The theory of judgment and the concept of intentionality
		54.4. Knowledge and states of affairs
		54.5. Husserl revised: Adolf Reinach’s revision of phenomenology
		54.6. A phenomenological account of social acts: the paradigm of promising
		54.7. The phenomenological theory of law: a new material a priori field
		54.8. Phenomenology of premonitions
		54.9. First attempts toward a phenomenological description of religious experience
		Note
		References
	Chapter 55 Jean-Paul Sartre
		55.1. Diving into phenomenology: a first but decisive step
		55.2. Recasting the ego: a vagrant story
		55.3. From images to imagination: on the way to nothingness
		55.4. A new variety of phenomenology: the project of a phenomenological ontology
		55.5. Beyond ontology, still phenomenology? Questions of (phenomenological) method
		55.6. Idios and idioi
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 56 Max Scheler
		56.1. Life and personality
		56.2. Overview of his thought, work, and influence
		56.3. Themes and characteristics of his work
		56.4. The context of Scheler’s thought and work
		56.5. The core theory of his philosophical remedy
		56.6. The formation of the ethos in a turbulent reality
		56.7. The ideal, the real, the becoming of God and of the world
		56.8. The future and the prospect of a salvation from evil
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 57 Alfred Schutz
		57.1. The locus of Schutz’s phenomenological investigations
		57.2. The phenomenology of the natural attitude
		57.3. The social world and the social sciences
		57.4. Conclusion: specific disagreements and creative deployments of phenomenology
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 58 Edith Stein
		58.1. Setting the stage: a brief biography
		58.2. Stein’s phenomenology and empathy
		58.3. Psychology
		58.4. Social ontology
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 59 Trân duc Thao
		59.1. French colonialism and the French philosophical tradition
		59.2. Phenomenology, dialectical materialism, and Paris
		59.3. Consciousness, language, and Vietnam
		59.4. Renovation in Vietnam, The Formation of Man, and the return to Paris
		59.5. Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part IV Intersections
	Chapter 60 Phenomenology and analytic philosophy
		60.1. Two traditions
		60.2. The story of a mutual contempt
		60.3. Realism and anti-realism
		60.4. Realist convergences
		60.5. Anti-realist convergences
		60.6. Phenomenology and philosophy of mind
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 61 Phenomenology and cognitive sciences
		61.1. Consciousness studies in 19th-century psychology
		61.2. Husserl on psychology
		61.3. Husserl’s successors
		61.4. 1950s through early 1990s
		61.5. Contemporary naturalized phenomenology and consciousness studies
		References
	Chapter 62 Phenomenology and critical theory
		Overview of Frankfurt School critical theory
		Adorno and phenomenology
		Habermas and phenomenology
		Phenomenology and critical theory – wedges and commonalities
		References
	Chapter 63 Phenomenology and deconstruction
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 64 Phenomenology and hermeneutics
		64.1. From phenomenology to hermeneutics: Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology
		64.2. Hermeneutics in relation to phenomenology: Paul Ricoeur and Hans-Georg Gadamer
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 65 Phenomenology and medicine
		Ontology of the body and epistemology of medicine
		The “phenomenological body”: from disease to illness
		The clinical relationship: an empathic understanding
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 66 Phenomenology and philosophy of science
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 67 Phenomenology and political theory
		Introduction
		Political phenomenology as a method
		Interpreting the nature of political life
		Political attitude as a phenomenological experience
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 68 Psychoanalysis and phenomenology
		Psychoanalysis as a therapy
		Paul Ricœur’s phenomenological approach to the psychoanalytic experience2
		Psychoanalysis and phenomenology overlap on the attention to phenomena rather than to the texts
		Further remarks on the psychoanalytic technique
		Psychoanalytic knowledge from the “third-person” perspective
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 69 Phenomenology and religion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 70 Phenomenology and structuralism
		70.1. Two senses of structuralism
		70.2. Phenomenology as ally of the structural method
		70.3. Phenomenology faced to structuralism in its polemical usage
		Notes
		References
Part V Phenomenology in the world
	Chapter 71 Africa
		71.1. The idea of philosophy
		71.2. Lebenswelt and the basis of sciences
		71.3. Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 72 Australia and New Zealand
		Phenomenology in Australia and New Zealand before World War II
		Phenomenology in Australia and New Zealand after World War II
		Contemporary scene
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 73 Eastern Asia
		The acceptance and spread of phenomenology in China
		The research status of phenomenology in China since 2000
		Beginning of phenomenological studies in Korea (1920s–1945)
		Incubation period of phenomenology in South Korea (1945–1960s)
		Breakthrough of phenomenology in South Korea by academic societies (1970s)
		Development and perspective of phenomenological studies in South Korea (1980s to date)
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 74 Latin America
		74.1. Preamble
		74.2. The introduction of phenomenology in Latin America: an overview
		74.3. Latin American phenomenology in the twenty-first century: regional initiatives
		74.4. Building on the work of previous generations
		74.5. Some future prospects
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 75 North America
		75.1. Introduction
		75.2. The early reception of Husserl’s thought (1902–1950)
		75.3. The “University in Exile”: phenomenology as an “exotic transplant”
		75.4. The Age of Societies: the Americanization of phenomenology
		75.5. The path of “analytic” phenomenology
		Notes
		References
Appendix
	Chapter 76 Synoptic scheme of the phenomenological movement
		References and further reading
Index