The Routledge Handbook of Libertarianism

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Series Page......Page 3
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Biographical Notes......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 16
Introduction: Respecting  and Caring......Page 17
Bibliography......Page 21
Part 1 Libertarianism and Other Theories......Page 22
Chapter 1 Learning from Libertarianism:  Thanks from an Unrepentant  Social Democrat......Page 24
Social Democrats and Libertarians......Page 25
Lesson 1: The Limits of Fairness......Page 27
Lesson 2: Protecting Self-Reliance......Page 28
Lesson 3: Value (Nonexploitive) Capitalism......Page 33
Lesson 4: Justice Has No Pattern......Page 35
Instruction and Illusion from Public Choice Theory......Page 37
An Invitation......Page 39
Notes......Page 40
References......Page 41
Locke’s Libertarian Legacy......Page 43
Disagreement, Democracy, and Realism......Page 45
Liberty and Legitimacy......Page 48
Commercial Society and the Hayekian Alternative......Page 50
References......Page 53
1 Is There a “Classical Liberal” View?......Page 55
2 Extended Complex Orders......Page 56
3 The Twin Ideas......Page 60
4 The Open Society and its Enemies......Page 63
5 The Paradox of Moral Inquiry......Page 65
Notes......Page 70
References......Page 71
Chapter 4 Democracy Versus Libertarianism......Page 74
2 Lockean Libertarianism......Page 75
3 Classical Liberalism......Page 76
4 Democracy Through a Libertarian Lens......Page 77
5 Democracy through a Classical Liberal Lens......Page 79
6 Equality......Page 80
7 The Mirage of Social Justice......Page 84
8 The Critique of Rent Seeking......Page 85
9 Lingering Questions......Page 87
References......Page 88
Chapter 5 Kant’s Liberalism......Page 89
Kant’s Account of Freedom......Page 90
Freedom and Coercion......Page 91
Kant on Justified Taxation......Page 93
Kant’s Liberalism......Page 95
References......Page 97
Chapter 6 What’s Wrong with Libertarianism:  A Meritocratic Diagnosis......Page 98
1 Libertarianism and Meritocracy: Their Core Holdings......Page 99
2 On Fair Equality of Opportunity and Personal Responsibility......Page 101
3 On Justice in Economic Life......Page 103
4 Remarks on Public Policy......Page 107
Notes......Page 109
References......Page 110
1 Introduction......Page 113
2 The Freeman Critique of Libertarianism......Page 115
3 Libertarianism Reconsidered......Page 117
4 How Some Libertarians Can Be Read as Illiberal......Page 121
5 Conclusion......Page 125
Notes......Page 126
References......Page 127
1 Liberalism and Illiberal Libertarians......Page 129
2 Liberal Libertarians......Page 132
3 Remarks on Liberty and Property......Page 138
4 Concluding Remarks on Inalienability......Page 141
Notes......Page 142
References......Page 144
Part 2 Questioning Libertarian Principles......Page 146
1 Introduction......Page 148
2 Libertarian Self-ownership: What is Ownership?......Page 150
3 Libertarian Self-Ownership: What is the Self that Owns?......Page 151
4 A Feminist Conception of Self-Ownership:  Connected Self Ownership......Page 156
5 A Plausibly Feminist Libertarianism......Page 157
References......Page 159
1 Introduction......Page 161
2 The Separateness Conception......Page 162
3 The Unity Conception......Page 171
4 Conclusion......Page 172
Notes......Page 173
Further Reading......Page 174
References......Page 175
Chapter 11 Libertarianism and Exception Rights......Page 176
1 From Moral Anarchy to Libertarian Rights......Page 177
2 Two Insensitivities of Libertarianism......Page 180
3 The Case for Exception Rights......Page 182
4 Exception Rights and the Insensitivity Objections......Page 185
5 Conclusion......Page 187
References......Page 188
Chapter 12 The Sufficiency Proviso......Page 190
1 Libertarian Justice......Page 191
2 The Sufficiency Proviso......Page 193
3 The Sufficiency Proviso vs. Egalitarian Provisos......Page 196
4 The Sufficiency Proviso vs. Nozick’s Proviso......Page 197
5 The Sufficiency Proviso vs. Mack’s Proviso......Page 199
Notes......Page 201
References......Page 202
I......Page 205
II......Page 207
III......Page 208
IV......Page 209
V......Page 210
VI......Page 213
VII......Page 214
VIII......Page 216
IX......Page 217
Notes......Page 218
References......Page 219
Chapter 14 The Myths of the Self-Ownership Thesis......Page 220
Re-Reading Nozick......Page 221
A Nozickian Rejoinder to Nagel and Murphy’s Myth of Ownership......Page 224
The (Supposed) Trivial Incursion Problem......Page 226
Self-Ownership: Almost Uncontroversial......Page 229
Notes......Page 231
References......Page 232
Chapter 15 Social Contractarianism......Page 233
1 Libertarianism......Page 234
2 The Idea of the Social Contract......Page 236
3 Rights and Consequences......Page 238
4 Anarchism and Self-Government......Page 240
Notes......Page 243
References......Page 244
Part 3 The Role of Property and the Market......Page 246
Chapter 16 What Can Be for Sale?......Page 248
1 Defending Libertarian Political Morality......Page 249
2 Objections to Markets......Page 250
What Can Be For Sale?......Page 261
Further Reading......Page 262
Chapter 17 Property Rights: Natural  or Conventional?......Page 265
1 Why Natural Property Rights?......Page 266
2 How Extensive is the Primitive Right?......Page 271
3 Why not Pure Conventionalism?......Page 276
References......Page 278
1 The Prima Facie Case......Page 280
2 How the Individual’s Production Depends on Others......Page 281
4 The Role of the State in Defining Property Rights......Page 286
Notes......Page 290
References......Page 291
The Economics of Trade: Comparative Advantage......Page 293
The Morality of Free Trade......Page 295
Why Protectionism Continues to Be Popular......Page 300
The Absurdity of Protectionism......Page 301
Notes......Page 302
References......Page 303
1 Introduction......Page 304
2 Economic Liberties as Basic Rights......Page 305
3 Three High-Liberal Routes to Basic Economic Liberties......Page 311
4 Conclusion......Page 315
References......Page 316
Part 4 What Is the Role of the State?......Page 320
Chapter 21 Ideal Theory......Page 322
Public Goods......Page 323
Political Equality......Page 325
Economic Sufficiency......Page 326
Equal Opportunity......Page 329
Conclusion......Page 330
References......Page 331
1 Introduction......Page 333
2 Why Private Governance Is So Common: Beyond Legal Centralism and the Deus ex Machina Theory of Law......Page 334
3 Facilitating Cooperation as a Profit Opportunity......Page 336
4 Examples of Private Governance in Historical and Modern Times......Page 338
Concluding Thoughts......Page 340
Further Reading......Page 341
References......Page 342
1 Introduction......Page 344
2 What Libertarians Don’t Believe about Welfare......Page 346
3 Moral Arguments against the Welfare State......Page 347
4 Libertarians for the Welfare State......Page 351
5 Conclusion......Page 356
Notes......Page 358
Further Reading......Page 359
References......Page 360
1 Introduction......Page 363
2 The Dominant “Market Failure” Paradigm......Page 364
3 Market Failure: Public Goods, Externalities, Information, and Economies of Scale......Page 365
4 Government Failure: Substantive, Procedural, and Behavioral......Page 368
5 Conclusion......Page 376
References......Page 377
Chapter 25 Freedom and Knowledge......Page 379
1 The Problem of Voter Ignorance......Page 380
2 The Problem of Planner Ignorance......Page 384
3 The Mutually Reinforcing Nature of Voter Ignorance  and Elite Ignorance......Page 386
4 The Informational Advantages of Foot Voting......Page 388
Conclusion......Page 390
Further Reading......Page 391
References......Page 392
Part 5 Applied Libertarian Issues......Page 396
2 The Presumptive Argument For Open Borders  and Common Objections......Page 398
3 Freedom of Association and Ownership......Page 402
4 Bad Consequences......Page 404
5 Practical Implications......Page 406
Further Reading......Page 408
References......Page 409
Chapter 27 Religion and Politics......Page 411
1 Mises on Religion......Page 412
2 Hayek on Religion......Page 414
3 Rand on Religion......Page 417
4 Rothbard on Religion......Page 419
6 A Libertarian Approach to Religion in Politics......Page 422
References......Page 424
Chapter 28  A Libertarian Approach to Medicine......Page 426
1 Patients’ Rights......Page 427
2 Public Officials and Self-Medication......Page 431
Further Reading......Page 435
References......Page 436
Introduction......Page 438
Disagreement Runs Deep......Page 440
Perspectives......Page 441
Perspectives and Tolerance......Page 442
Discovery......Page 445
Further Reading......Page 446
References......Page 447
Chapter 30 Paternalism and the Limits of Liberty......Page 448
Notes......Page 455
References......Page 456
A Liberal Model of Exploitation3......Page 457
Exploitation in Unfree Markets......Page 458
Exploitation in Free Markets......Page 459
Exploitation and Injustice......Page 461
A Case for Just Free Markets......Page 462
Notes......Page 465
References......Page 466
Index......Page 468