The Routledge Handbook of Language in Conflict

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of eResources
Acknowledgements
List of Contributors
Introduction: The origins of The Routledge Handbook of Language in Conflict
	I.1 What is conflict?
	I.2 How do we link to conflict and peace studies?
	I.3 What is in the volume?
	References
Section I Text in conflict
	Chapter 1 Introduction: Textual choice and communication in conflict
		1.1 Why textual choices matter in conflict
		1.2 The kinds of conflict that involve textual meaning
		1.3 The kinds of data that are relevant to conflict at some/all of these levels
		1.4 The approaches available to researchers
		1.5 Introducing the chapters in Section I
		1.6 What we might gain from textual analysis of conflict-related text
		References
	Chapter 2 Discursive (re)construction of the prelude to the 2003 Iraq War in op/ed press: Dialectics of argument and rhetoric
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Sample materials and methods
		2.3 The function of ad hominem fallacies in argumentation
		2.4 Media appeal to witness testimony as strategic manoeuvring
		2.5 Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
		Funding
		Notes
		References
		Newspaper references
	Chapter 3 Stark choices and brutal simplicity: The blunt instrument of constructed oppositions in news editorials
		3.1 Paradise or Armageddon? Stark choices on polling day
		3.2 The Conservative press and the UK general elections 2010
		3.3 The editorial column news sub-genre
		3.4 Brutally simple: the role of constructed oppositions in a Daily Express 2017 general election editorial
		3.5 The Sun and the Daily Mail in the 2010 and 2015 general election campaigns
		3.6 Personality clashes: the othering of leaders through oppositions
		3.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4 Projecting your “opponent’s” views: Linguistic negation and the potential for conflict
		4.1 Realising and processing negation
		4.2 Negation, presupposition and point of view
		4.3 Negation and conflict situations
		4.4 Conclusions and transformative potential
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 5 Ideological positioning in conflict: The United States and Egypt’s domestic political trajectory
		5.1 Background and context
		5.2 Methodology
		5.3 Objectives
		5.4 Analysis
		5.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6 Homosexuality in Latvian and Polish parliamentary debates 1994–2013: A historical approach to conflict in political discourse
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Theoretical framework
		6.3 Methods and materials
		6.4 The history of homosexuality in Latvian and Polish parliamentary debates
		6.5 Discussion and conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7 Conflict and categorisation: A corpus and discourse study of naming participants in forced migration
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Categorisation
		7.3 Methodology
		7.4 Naming choices
		7.5 Conclusions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 8 Hate speech: Conceptualisations, interpretations and reactions
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Hate speech as practice
		8.3 The Council of Europe and hate speech
		8.5 The European Commission, social media companies and hate speech
		8.6 Hate speech and the courts: examples of case law in Denmark
		8.7 Discussion: agency, accountability, authority and AI
		8.8 Conclusion: conflicts of legitimacy of expression
		Notes
		References
Section II Interaction in conflict
	Chapter 9 Introduction: Conflict as it happens
		9.1 Why study interaction?
		9.2 How to study interaction
		9.3 The contributions in this section
		References
	Chapter 10 Conflict, disagreement and (im)politeness
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 On defining conflict and related notions
		10.3 Conflict and disagreement
		10.4 The significance of context
		10.5 Conflict, disagreement and im/politeness
		10.6 Concluding remarks
		Acknowledgements
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 11 Offence and conflict talk
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Causing offence
		11.3 Taking offence
		11.4 Offence and conflict in interaction
		11.5 Accusations and conflict talk
		11.6 Future directions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 12 Conflict interaction: Insights from conversation analysis
		12.1 Overview of CA
		12.2 How interaction promotes alignment and minimises conflict
		12.3 And yet … (how interaction may shape and manifest conflict)
		12.4 From disagreement to argument: extending difference
		12.5 Sample analysis7
		12.6 Discussion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 13 Conflict in political discourse: Conflict as congenital to political discourse
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Aim of the chapter
		13.3 Theoretical background
		13.4 Political interviews
		13.5 Parliamentary questions
		13.6 Extremist versus mainstream discourse: some case studies from interviews and debates
		13.7 Discussion and conclusions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 14 Discourse features of disputing in small claims hearings
		14.1 Conflict terms
		14.2 The small claims data
		14.3 How the genre shapes discourse structure and strategies
		14.4 Litigant strategies common in other kinds of conflict
		14.5 A strategy (relatively) unique to small claims disputes
		14.6 Conclusions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 15 Leadership in conflict: Disagreement and conflict in a start-up team
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Previous research on conflictive disagreements
		15.3 Data and methodology
		15.4 Analysis
		15.5 Conclusion
		List of abbreviations and transcript conventions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 16 Interaction and conflict in digital communication
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Face-to-face interaction versus digital discourse
		16.3 Digital disagreement, (im)politeness and conflict – the difficulty of definitions
		16.4 Online gaming as a multimodal space
		16.5 Data and methods
		16.6 Analysis
		16.7 Discussion and future directions
		Notes
		References
Section III Languages in conflict
	Chapter 17 Introduction: Conflict with the fabric of language
		17.1 The ‘meanings’ of sounds and letters
		17.2 Conflict over sounds and letters
		17.3 Conflict over languages
		17.4 Language ideology
		17.5 Identity
		17.6 The contributions in this section
		17.7 Conclusion: the role of languages in conflict
		References
	Chapter 18 Ethnicity, conflict and language choice: An example from northern Ghana
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Involvement of language in political struggles
		18.3 Identity and language use in the Northern Region of Ghana
		18.4 The Daboya and Pong-Tamale project
		18.5 Conclusion – language, identity and conflict, and recommendations for development
		References
	Chapter 19 Language and conflict in the Mapuche context
		19.1 Introduction
		19.2 Background
		19.3 The relationship between language revitalisation and the Conflict
		19.4 What effect could language revitalisation have on the Conflict?
		19.5 Conclusion
		Note
		References
	Chapter 20 Linguistic landscape as an arena of conflict: Language removal, exclusion, and ethnic identity construction in Lithuania (Vilnius)
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Vilnius – The present and the past
		20.3 Post-Soviet Vilnius (1991–present)
		20.4 Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 21 “You are shamed for speaking it or for not speaking it good enough”: The paradoxical status of Spanish in the US Latino community
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Spanish in the US – A brief historical contextualisation
		21.3 The Latino identity
		21.4 Methodology
		21.5 Results
		21.6 Discussion
		21.7 Conclusions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 22 Hate crimes: Language, vulnerability and conflict
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 Islamophobia
		22.3 Hate crimes and vulnerability framework
		22.4 The terror and vulnerability of language
		22.5 “Talk English”
		22.6 “ISIS bitches”
		22.7 Discussion
		22.8 Conflict
		22.9 Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 23 Language ideologies in conflict at the workplace
		23.1 Introduction
		23.2 Language ideologies and conflict
		23.3 Methodology
		23.4 Sources of linguistic conflict
		23.5 Responses to linguistic conflict
		23.6 Explicit and implicit attempts to resolve conflict
		23.7 Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Section IV Linguistics in conflict
	Chapter 24 Introduction: The potential for Linguistics to change conflict in the “real” world
	Chapter 25 The value of linguistics in assessing potential threats in an airport setting
		25.1 Introduction
		25.2 When – and why – botched conversations lead to conflict
		25.3 Behavioural detection in airport settings
		25.4 Conclusion
		Appendix – Altercation at LAX Airport
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 26 Threatening contexts: An examination of threatening language from linguistic, legal and law enforcement perspectives
		26.1 Introduction to threatening contexts
		26.2 A linguistic perspective
		26.3 A legal perspective
		26.4 A law enforcement perspective
		26.5 Locution, illocution and perlocution – a functional perspective
		26.6 Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 27 Talk in mediation: Metaphors in acrimonious talk
		27.1 Theoretical orientations we will need
		27.2 Method
		27.3 Analysis of the metaphors in mediation sessions
		27.4 Discussion
		27.5 Future research
		References
	Chapter 28 Conflicts of policy and linguistic self-representation in the UK asylum process
		28.1 Introduction
		28.2 Methodology
		28.3 Definition of terms, processes and political context
		28.4 Linguistic issues in the asylum process
		28.5 Redressing linguistic inequalities
		28.6 Concluding remarks
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 29 On agency, witnessing and surviving: Interpreters in situations of violent conflict
		29.1 Introduction
		29.2 Interpreters in conflict zones – a translation and inte
		29.3 Interpreters as witnesses and survivors
		29.4 (Re-)presentations of interpreter mediation in the public domain
		29.5 Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 30 The Irish language in Belfast: The role of a language in post-conflict resolution
		30.1 Introduction
		30.2 Participants and general methodology
		30.3 A brief historical and linguistic context
		30.4 Turas – Linda Ervine
		30.5 An Droichead (The Bridge)
		30.6 Conclusion – postscript
		Notes
		References
Afterword: Connecting linguistics and conflict research
	References
Index