The Routledge Handbook of Ideology and International Relations

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Figures
Tables
Notes On Contributors
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction: Ideology and the Study of World Politics
	Introduction
	Ideology and Its Skeptics
	Theorizing Ideology’s Influence
	Streams of Ideology Research
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
Part 1 Ideologies, Nations, and the State
	2 Ideology and Nation-States: Between Nationalism and Human Rights
		Introduction
		Ideological Transformations
		The Delegitimisation of Alternatives
		Reproducing Nationalism
		Nationalism and the Ideological Doctrine of Human Rights
		Institutionalisation of Human Rights at the World Polity Level
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	3 Ideologies and National Power
		Domestic Political Regime Type and National Power
			Dominant Democracies
			The Autocratic Advantage
			Dominant Democracies in the Empirical Record
			Dominant Democracies Today
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	4 Authoritarian and Totalitarian Ideologies
		Introduction
		The Illusion of Unideological Authoritarianism
		The Need for Ideology in Authoritarian and Totalitarian States
			Ideology as Political Resource
			Ideology as Internalized Framework
		Authoritarian and Totalitarian Ideologies Under Democracy
		Conclusion: Ideology and the Authoritarian-Totalitarian Distinction
		Notes
		Bibliography
	5 Ideology and National Security
		Introduction
		Ideology in the Study of National Security
		Making Space for Ideology
		Five Ways Ideology Matters for National Security
			Diagnosing the National Interest
			The Value of Diplomacy/Force
			Identifying Threats
			Alliance Choices
			Domestic Priorities
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
Part 2 Ideologies, Conflict, and Peace
	6 Extremist Islamic Ideology and Terrorism
		Introduction
		Ideology and Identity
		Radicalization Into Violent Islamic Extremism – Reconciling the Dichotomy
		(Social) Psychological Conditions for Identity Receptivity to Extremism
		Ideational and Religious Commitments
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	7 Leaders’ Ideology and Great Power Politics
		What Are Ideologies and How Can We Measure Them?
		How Leaders’ Ideologies Shape Their Foreign Policies
		When Are Ideologies Most Likely to Shape Foreign Policies?
		What Methods Are Most Effective in Judging Ideologies’ International Effects?
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	8 Ideology in Civil Wars
		Introduction
		Defining Ideology
		Dimensions of Ideology
		Ideology in Civil War Onset
		Ideology in Civil War Dynamics
		Legitimating Violence
		Organizational Cohesion and Factional Fragmentation
		Rebel Alliances and State Sponsorship
		Ideology in Conflict Termination
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	9 IdeologIES and Revolutions
		Definitions of Ideology and Revolutions
		How Revolutions Affect International Politics
		When Revolutions Affect International Politics
		French Policy Toward Revolutions During the Ancien Regime and the Restoration
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	10 Ideology and Foreign Regime Promotion John M. Owen IV
		Introduction
		Ideologies and How They Work
		Ideology and Foreign Regime Promotion
			Three Facts About Ideology
			Internal Security, External Security, Or Both
		How the Theory Explains Real Cases
			External Security: The Soviets and Western Allies in Germany, 1945–49
			Internal Security: The Great Powers in Europe, 1849
			External and Internal Security: England in Scotland, 1559–60
			Promoting a Different Regime: The United States in Latin America, Early Cold War
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	11 Ideological Conflict and Alliances of Convenience in International Politics
		What Is an Alliance of Convenience?
		A Typology of Defensive Alliances
		A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Alliance Bargaining
		The United States and Alliance Bargaining After World War II: A Paired Comparison
		The U.S. Alliance of Convenience With Pakistan, 1981–88
		The U.S. Special Relationship Alliance With the United Kingdom During the Korean War (1950–53)
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part 3 Ideologies and Transnational Issues
	12 Ideological Religion in World Politics
		Introduction
		Ideology, Religion and the Problem of Reductivism
		Defining Ideology and Religion
		From Religion ‘As Ideology’, to Religion ‘Becoming Ideological’
			Political Theology
			Religious Ideologies
			Religious Identitarianism
		Ideological Religion in World Politics
			Ideological Ambivalence and Religious Contexts
			Violence and the Power of Ideological Religion
			Contesting and Transforming World Orders
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	13 Ideology and Human Rights
		Characterizing Ideologies
		Defining Human Rights
		Human Rights as Mobilizing Ideology
		Human Rights as Constraint On and Handmaiden to Power
		Human Rights as Ideological Weapon
			Ideological Conflict Over Human Rights in International Institutions
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	14 Racial Ideologies in World Politics
		Defining Racial Ideologies
		The Effects of Racial Ideologies
		IR Theory as a Racial Ideology?
		The Rise of White Supremacist Ideologies
		Ideological Challenges to White Supremacy: Pan-Asianism and Pan-Africanism
		Conclusion: The Clash of Racial Ideologies in World Politics
		Notes
		References
	15 Left and Right: The Significance of a Global Distinction
		Introduction
		The Ubiquitous and Enduring Left-Right Distinction
			Contrasting Worldviews
			Left and Right in Comparative Perspective
		Left and Right in International Affairs
			Foreign Policy
			The Multilateral System
			Transnational Actors
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	16 Ideology and Climate Change: A Complex Reflexive Systems Approach to Energy Transition Discourse Networks
		Introduction
		Making Sense of a Fragmented Field
			Ideology and Climate Change
			The Need for a New Approach
		A Complex Reflexive Systems Approach to Ideology
		Case Study: Ideological Conflict in Canada’s Energy Transition Discourse
			Data and Methods
				Identifying Arguments
				Identifying Ideologically Aligned Argument Clusters
				Identifying Ideologically Aligned Organizations
				Linking Arguments and Organizations
		Ideological Discourse Networks in Canadian Parliamentary Hearings
			Mapping Dominant Climate Ideologies
			Limitations of the Study
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
Part 4 Ideologies, States, and Regions
	17 Ideology and Indian Foreign Policy
		Introduction
		Party Ideology and Foreign Policy
		The Case of India
			Democracy, Secularism, Anti-Colonial Struggle: The Cornerstones of INC Party Ideology
			Hindutva as the Cornerstones of BJP Party Ideology
		Competing Party Ideologies and Their Impact On Security and Foreign Trade
			Security Policy
			Free Trade
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	18 Ideology in Latin American Foreign Policies in the 21st Century
		Introduction
		Ideology, Pragmatism and Foreign Policy: Concepts and Definitions
		Ends and Purposes
		The Available Means
		Agency and the Human Factor
		The Foreign Policy Process
		The Historical and Political Context
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	19 Identity and Ideology in Middle Eastern International Relations
		Ideologies as Power Resources in the Middle East: Scope Conditions
		Ideological Polarization as a System Attribute
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	20 Ideology and Chinese Foreign Policy
		Introduction
		Ideology and Foreign Policy
		Evolving Ideologies, Evolving Foreign Policies
		Ideology in Xi’s China
			Ideological Alternative?
			Ideological Opportunism
			Ideological Defense
		Foreign Policy in Xi’s China
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	21 Ideology and African Politics
		Introduction
		Ideology as Irrelevant to African Politics
		The ‘Failure’ of Ideology
		Ideology, Nationalism, and Development
		Ideology in Disguise in African Politics
		Ideology in African Politics Today
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	22 The Role of Ideology in Russian Foreign Policy
		Introduction
		The Soviet Legacy
		Russia as a Post-Ideological Power
		Ideological Debates in Post-Soviet Russia
		The Ideology of Putinism
			History
			Political Order
			State
			Sovereignty
			Geopolitical Space
			Traditional Values
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	23 Ideologies and U.S. Foreign Policy
		Ideologies as Foreign Policy Schools of Thought
		Ideas as “Republican” Not “Social” Constructivism
		Ideas as Independent Causes
		How Much Do Ideologies Matter?
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	24 Ideology and United States Grand Strategy
		Ideology, Master Narratives and Grand Strategy
		Narratives, Deep Engagement, and Offshore Balancing in Historical Perspective
		Implications
		Notes
		References
	25 Ideology, Europe, and the European Union
		Introduction
		Ideology in the History of European Politics
		The Post-National and the Pursuit of the Post-Ideological
		Contesting the EU Settlement
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	26 Ideology and Foreign Policy On the Korean Peninsula
		Ideology and Foreign Policy
		Ideology and Division of the Korean Peninsula
			Ideological Division Between North and South Korea
			The Domestic Politics of South Korean Foreign Policy and Inter-Korea Relations
		Ideology and Inter-Korea Policy
			Progressives and Inter-Korea Peace and Reconciliation (1998–2008)
			Conditional Engagement, Reciprocity, and Trust Under Conservatives (2008–2017)
			Ideology, Preferences, and Moon Jae-In’s Inter-Korea Policy
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Index