The Roman West, AD 200-500: An Archaeological Study

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 5
Figures......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 13
A note on places and maps......Page 15
Introduction......Page 17
Coverage and approaches......Page 20
Periodisation......Page 23
Regionality......Page 25
Integration and dis-integration......Page 26
Identity......Page 30
Materiality......Page 31
Biases and lacunae......Page 32
The imperial crisis of the third century......Page 34
The third-century crisis in the West......Page 39
Coin hoarding......Page 48
Discussion......Page 56
2 The military response: soldiers and civilians......Page 58
The imperial response......Page 60
Military installations: forts and frontiers......Page 63
Weaponry, armour and military dress......Page 71
The militarisation of northern Gaul......Page 76
Urban sites and urban fortifications......Page 78
Hilltop fortifications......Page 92
Burials......Page 95
Military dispositions and the Notitia Dignitatum......Page 106
Conclusions......Page 109
Introduction......Page 113
Views of the late Roman city......Page 117
The second and third centuries......Page 120
The cities of southern Gaul and Spain in the third century......Page 122
Public buildings and monuments......Page 129
Urban fortifications......Page 138
Late Roman urban fortifications in Spain......Page 142
Late Roman urban fortifications in southern Gaul......Page 147
Domestic architecture......Page 152
Lesser centres......Page 156
Discussion......Page 158
4 Christianity and the traditional religions......Page 166
Christianity......Page 167
Churches......Page 168
Geneva......Page 169
Double churches......Page 173
Baptisteries......Page 175
Burial......Page 176
Commemorating the dead: sarcophagi, mausolea and tombstones......Page 182
Christianity across the West......Page 186
Spain......Page 187
Gaul......Page 190
The Rhineland......Page 192
The Church and the city......Page 193
Christianity in the countryside......Page 197
The traditional religions......Page 206
Introduction......Page 214
The imperial residences......Page 216
Trier......Page 217
Arles......Page 226
Córdoba......Page 228
Aristocratic display in Spain, southern Gaul and Britain......Page 231
Carranque......Page 232
Montréal-Séviac......Page 234
Montmaurin......Page 235
São Cucufate......Page 237
Furnishings and fittings......Page 244
Domus and dominus......Page 252
Aristocratic culture and paideia......Page 258
Southern Gaul......Page 261
Spain......Page 266
Britain......Page 272
Central Gaul......Page 274
Northern Gaul......Page 275
Conclusions......Page 277
6 Rural settlement and economy in the late Roman West......Page 280
The ‘villa economies’......Page 281
Non-villa settlements and economies......Page 285
Northern Gaul......Page 287
Central Gaul......Page 298
South-eastern Gaul......Page 302
The Catalonian littoral......Page 307
The Guadalquivir (Baetis) valley......Page 308
Discussion......Page 310
Southern Gaul and Iberia......Page 311
Central and northern Gaul......Page 315
Introduction......Page 319
Structuring the economy......Page 323
Super-regional integration: the political economy......Page 325
The political economy in the West: North African products......Page 332
The political economy in the West: some examples......Page 334
The market economy in the West: some examples......Page 341
Local networks......Page 344
Coinage and the political and market economies......Page 345
The ‘prestige economy’......Page 350
Conclusions......Page 351
Introduction......Page 354
Chronological outline......Page 355
The end of the Roman army in the West......Page 357
Coinage in the early fifth century......Page 364
Barbarians and breakdown......Page 368
The Visigoths in south-west Gaul and Spain......Page 373
South-west Gaul......Page 375
Spain......Page 380
The Franks and northern Gaul......Page 392
Discussion: ethnicity, archaeology and history......Page 402
Introduction......Page 411
The littoral of Iberia and southern Gaul......Page 414
The Iberian interior......Page 427
Southern Gaul......Page 433
Northern Gaul......Page 440
The city in the fifth century......Page 447
The aristocracy in the fifth century......Page 451
Iberia and southern Gaul......Page 457
Northern Gaul......Page 468
AD 200: an archaeological threshold?......Page 471
AD 500: an archaeological threshold?......Page 482
Bibliography......Page 499
Index......Page 538