The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems

Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
Preface to Section I — Atmosphere and Basic Biological Dosimetry....Pages 1-3
UV-B Reaching the Surface....Pages 5-27
Possible Anthropogenic Influences on Stratospheric Ozone....Pages 29-48
Ozone Depletion Calculations....Pages 49-71
On the Latitudinal and Seasonal Dependence of Ozone Perturbations....Pages 73-77
Middle Ultraviolet Irradiance at the Ocean Surface: Measurements and Models....Pages 79-91
The Effect of Perturbation of the Total Ozone Column Due to CFC on the Spectral Distribution of UV Fluxes and the Damaging UV Doses at the Ocean Surface: A Model Study....Pages 93-107
Multi-Wavelength Determination of Total Ozone and Ultraviolet Irradiance....Pages 109-120
Radiometric Measurements in the UV-B Region of Daylight....Pages 121-129
Photobiological Dosimetry of Environmental Ultraviolet Radiation....Pages 131-141
Action Spectra....Pages 143-150
Some Thoughts on UV Action Spectra....Pages 151-156
Action Spectra and Their Role in Solar UV-B Studies....Pages 157-159
Action Spectra: Emphasis Mammalian Cells....Pages 161-165
Dosage Units for Biologically Effective UV-B: A Recommendation....Pages 167-168
Measuring Devices and Dosage Units....Pages 169-179
The Sunburn UV Network and its Applicability for Biological Predictions....Pages 181-192
Description and Application of a Personal Dosimeter for Measuring Exposure to Natural Ultraviolet Radiation....Pages 193-203
Nomograms for Biologically Effective UV....Pages 205-211
A Formula for Comparing Annual Damaging Ultraviolet (DUV) Radiation Doses at Tropical and Mid-Latitude Sites....Pages 213-228
Preface to Section II — The Hydrosphere....Pages 229-231
Spectral Irradiance Penetration in Natural Waters....Pages 233-246
A Method for the Estimation of the Penetration of Biologically Injurious Solar Ultraviolet Radiation into Natural Waters....Pages 247-261
Yellow Substance in the Sea....Pages 263-281
Note on the Role of Vertical Mixing in Relation to Effects of UV Radiation on the Marine Environment....Pages 283-292
Photochemical Transformations Induced by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems....Pages 293-307
Penetration of Solar UV-B into Waters off Iceland....Pages 309-319
Preface to Section III — The Biosphere....Pages 321-324
Lethal Effects on Biological Systems Caused by Solar Ultraviolet Light: Molecular Considerations....Pages 325-336
DNA Damage of the 5,6-Dihydroxydihydrothymine Type Induced by Solar UV-B in Human Cells....Pages 337-346
Mechanisms of Actions of Longwave-UV on Marine Organisms....Pages 347-356
Survival of the Brine Shrimp, Artemia Salina , After Exposure to 290-NM Ultraviolet Radiation, with and without Maximum Photoreactivation....Pages 357-362
Photoreactivation: Mammalian Cells....Pages 363-366
The Amelioration of UV-B Effects on Productivity by Visible Radiation....Pages 367-382
Error Prone Repair-Emphasis Weigle Reactivation....Pages 383-387
Sensitivity to UV-B Irradiation as Related to Bacterial Life Cycles....Pages 389-391
Pigment Dispersion by Light in the Melanophores of the Fiddler Crab....Pages 393-397
Yellow Lens Pigment: An Adaptation for Activity in Bright Sunlight....Pages 399-405
Photomovement of Aquatic Organisms in Response to Solar UV....Pages 407-409
Movement Reactions of Blue-Green Algae in Response to Their Photoenvironment....Pages 411-416
Short-Term Responses of Some Planktonic Crustacea Exposed to Enhanced UV-B Radiation....Pages 417-427
Review of Literature Concerning the Impact of UV-B Radiation Upon Marine Organisms....Pages 429-457
Assessment of Effects of UV Radiation on Marine Fish Larvae....Pages 459-497
The Effect of UV-B Irradiation on the Integument of the Marine Flatfish Pleuronectes Platessa L.....Pages 499-508
Assessment of the Influence of Enhanced UV-B on Marine Primary Productivity....Pages 509-537
Modeling Light Loss Versus UV-B Increase for Organisms Which Control Their Vertical Position in the Water Column....Pages 539-542
Effects of UV-B Radiation on Thalassiosira Pseudonana : A Preliminary Study....Pages 543-554
The Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Photosynthesis by Ruppia Maritima L . (Widgeon Grass)....Pages 555-562
Effects of UV Radiation on Photosynthesis of Natural Populations of Phytoplankton....Pages 563-571
The Effect of High Intensity U.V. Radiation on Benthic Marine Algae....Pages 573-579
The Effects of UV-B Irradiation on Higher Plants....Pages 581-615
Preliminary Results Regarding the Spectral Efficiency of UV on the Depression of Photosynthesis in Higher Plants....Pages 617-620
Possible Errors in Photosynthetic Measurements Arising from the Use of UV-Absorbing Cuvettes: Some Examples in Higher Plants....Pages 621-628
Biological Interactions between Wavelengths in the Solar-UV Range: Implications for the Predictive Value of Action Spectra Measurements....Pages 629-639
Does Solar UV Influence the Competitive Relationship in Higher Plants?....Pages 641-649
A Model to Evaluate the Impact of Cyclically Recurring Hazards on Selected Populations....Pages 651-661
Solar UV Radiation as a Selective Force in the Evolution of Terrestrial Plant Life....Pages 663-675
Atmospheric Evolution and UV-B Radiation....Pages 677-684
Some Considerations on the Ecological and Evolutionary Effects of Solar UV....Pages 685-689
The Attenuation of Light by Marine Phytoplankton with Specific Reference to the Absorption of Near-UV Radiation....Pages 691-700
Possible Influences of Solar UV Radiation in the Evolution of Marine Zooplankton....Pages 701-706
Back Matter....Pages 707-724