The “Roads” and “Belts” of Eurasia

Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
Part I: China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Views from the Outside
	Chapter 1: Belt and Road Initiative: Evolution of China’s Approach
		“One Belt, One Road”—China’s New Architecture of All-Round Openness as Seen in the Analyses of the Chinese Authorities and Expert Community
		Discussions in China During the Initial Stage of the Implementation of the “Belt and Road” Initiative (Fall 2013–Spring 2015)
		Basic Political Document—Vision and Actions on Jointly Building the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road
		Discussion of the “Belt and Road’s” Prospects in 2015–2017
		The “Belt and Road” Forum for International Cooperation: An Initiative with Global Aspirations
		The Socioeconomic Aspect of the “Belt and Road” Initiative
			Physical Connectivity
			Institutional Connectivity
		The Political and Diplomatic Aspect of the “Belt and Road” Initiative
		The Civilizational Aspect of the “Belt and Road” Initiative
		Security Considerations in the Implementation of the “Belt and Road” Initiative
		“One Belt, One Road” Issues in the Documents of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of China
		The Second Forum: Correcting Mistakes and Laying New Plans
	Chapter 2: Belt and Road Initiative: A View from Russia
		The 19th CPC National Congress and the Belt and Road Initiative—Civilizational and Ideological Aspects
		The Transport-Economic Dimension of the BRI
		The International and Political Dimension of the BRI
			The Security Dimension
		Conclusions
	Chapter 3: China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Impacts and Effects for Central Asia
		Introduction
		On the Origins of BRI
		Kazakhstan as a Key Partner in the Success Story
		A New Impetus for Cooperation
		Dynamics and Challenges from the Central Asian Perspective
		BRI in Interaction with Other Projects in the Region
		Conclusion
	Chapter 4: Proceed with Caution: India’s Approach to China’s One Belt One Road and Other Cooperation Ideas in the Region
		Introduction: India and the Idea of Connectivity
		The Belt and Road Initiative
		Alternatives to BRI
			INSTC
			Ashgabat Agreement
			Eurasian Economic Union
		Conclusion
	Chapter 5: China-Europe Railway Connectivity: Opportunities and Challenges
		The China Railway Express and Its Connectivity with Other Countries
		Russia and Eurasia Economic Union
		The EU’s Trans-European Transport Network
		Reflections on China-Europe Railway Connectivity
		Concluding Remarks
	Chapter 6: The US Quest for Regional Dominance in Asia and the Chinese Challenge
		US Foreign Policy Toward China in the Obama Administration
		The Trump Presidency: Preliminary Implications for China and Asia
		Conclusion: The Belt and Road Initiative in the Context of the Chinese-US Relationship
	Chapter 7: Japan’s Global Diplomacy to China’s Belt and Road Initiative
		Introduction
		Japan’s Perception of China’s Belt and Road Initiative
			The Context of China’s Proposal to Japan
			Japan’s Ambivalent Perceptions on the Belt and Road Initiative
		Abe’s Gradual Coexistence with the Belt and Road Initiative
			Abe’s Global Diplomacy
			Rivalry Between Quantity and Quality Infrastructure Construction
			Japan’s Conditional Acceptance of China’s Belt and Road Initiative
			Sino-Japanese Cooperation in Third-Country Markets
		Conclusion: A New Synergy Between Japan and China?
Part II: Eurasian Infrastructure Projects: Prospects for Linkage
	Chapter 8: Vectors of Development for Asiatic Russia
		Introduction
		Programs for Developing Asiatic Russia: A Checkered History
		Current Status of the State Regional Development Programs
		What Is the Connection Between the Arctic and Asia?
		Conclusion
	Chapter 9: The Linkage Between the Greater Eurasian Partnership and the Belt and Road Initiative: The Current Situation and Prospects for the Future
		The Belt and Road Initiative: The Chinese Concept of International Cooperation
		The Greater Eurasian Partnership: Russia’s Reaction to Changes in the World
		China and Russia are Linking Their Cooperation and Moving Toward a Eurasian Economic Partnership
	Chapter 10: Belt vs. Road: Eurasian Dilemma for Infrastructure Development
		Introduction
		Infrastructure and Development
		Strategy Planning in the Main EAEU Countries
		Informal Aspects of State Politics Formation
		Conclusion
	Chapter 11: The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Development of Eurasia
		Existential Bases of the SCO Model of Cooperation
		Security and Economics
		The SCO Between Qingdao and Bishkek
		The SCO and the Idea of a Greater Eurasia
		The SCO and Prospects for Forming a Greater Eurasian Partnership
		The Compatibility of SCO Member States’ Initiatives and Development Strategies
		Transport Routes of the One Belt, One Road Concept
		The International North–South Transport Corridor
		Prospects for Integration Within the SCO
		Transport As a Factor in Deepening Centripetal Regional Trends
		Conclusions
	Chapter 12: India’s Initiatives in Central Asia: Re-energising Ties with the Region
		Regional Dynamics
		Evolution of India’s Eurasian Policy
		Goverment’s Policy in the New Geopolitical Context
		Major Impediments in Strengthening India’s Engagement with Central Asia
		Roadmap for India’s Future Engagement with Central Asia
	Chapter 13: What is Eurasia to US (the U.S.)?
		From the Collapse of the Soviet Union to 9/11: The Unipolar Moment
		9/11 and the Return of Eurasia
		The U.S. Pivot to Asia and China’s Emergence As a Eurasian Power
		U.S. Debates and Policies on BRI and Eurasian Integration
		The Trump Administration Perspectives on BRI and Eurasia: A Work in Progress
		Conclusion
	Chapter 14: From Asia-Pacific to Greater Eurasia: Regional Projects of Economic Orders and Great Power Competition
		Introduction
		Regional Order and the Development of Multilateral Economic Initiatives in the Asia-Pacific Region
		Trans-Pacific Partnership: The US Agenda for Regional Order-Building
		Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
		Toward a Greater Eurasian Order?